《兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《兒科兒童生長發(fā)育課件（28頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,*,兒童體格生長發(fā)育,年齡分期,l.生長發(fā)育的指標(biāo),.影響生長發(fā)育的因素,Age group年齡分期,Human development progresses through a,sequence of events,these landmarks should,occur at approximately the same age.It is,easier to grasp development by focusing on,specific key age group,兒童的生長發(fā)育既循序漸進(jìn)又有階段

2、性,某些里程碑式的事件應(yīng)在某一年齡岀,注意關(guān)鍵年齡段更易于把握生長規(guī)律。,he fetal period胎兒期40周,The most dramatic events in growth and,development occur before birth.The,transformation of a single cell into an infant,生長發(fā)育過程中最令人激動的事件發(fā)生在,出生前:單個細(xì)胞發(fā)育成胎兒。,Embryonic period&wk The rudiments of,all major organ systems have,developed.weight:9g,

3、length:5cm,胚胎期8周各主要器官系統(tǒng)雛形初現(xiàn)。重,量:9克,長度:5厘米。,Fetal period:9-40wk Increase in cell,number and size,structural remodeling,of several organ systems.During the,third trimester,weight triples and,length doubles.Term,weight:3250g,length:50cm.,胎兒期940周細(xì)胞數(shù)量與體積增加,器官系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)重組,孕晩期發(fā)育迅速:體重增加3倍,身長增加2稻孕未期俸,重平均3250克,身長50

4、厘米,neonatal period4wk新生兒期,Adaptation to extrauterine life requires rapid and,profound physiologic changes,including aeration of the,lungs,rerouting of the circulation,and activation of the,intestinal tract.To obtain nourishment to avoid,hypothermia or hyperthermia,and to ensure,safety,neonates must

5、react appropriately to an expanded,range of sensory stimuli,適應(yīng)宮外生活時,新生兒在生理上需要經(jīng)歷快速深刻,的家化為長東連,全,新生兒需要對紛繁的外界刺激做出適當(dāng)?shù)挠褖?A newborns weight may decrease 10%below,birthweight in the 1st wk as a result of excretion of,excess extravascular fluid and possibly poor,intake.Infants should regain or exceed birthwe

6、ight,by 2wk of age and should grow at approximately,30g/day during the 1st month,生后第一周,由于多余的細(xì)胞外液被排出體外及,攝入不足,新生兒的體重會比出生體重減少10%,生后兩周時應(yīng)恢復(fù)或超過出生體重,此全滿月,體重每日增加30克左右。,Limb moves purposelessly,smiling occurs,involuntarily,eye gazing head turning,and,sucking under conscious control,新生兒有無目的的肢體運動、無意微笑,可凝視及轉(zhuǎn)頭,會

7、有意識地吸吮。,Basic trust develops as infants learn that their urgent,needs are meet regularly Infants does not,consistently experience feeding as the pleasurable,reduction of tension often show increased irritability,and physiological instability(spitting,diarrhea,poor,weight gain)as well as behavioral problem,由于基本需求得到規(guī)律的滿足,新生兒期會建立,基本信任感。饑餓時不能規(guī)律地體驗到嘿快樂,的嬰兒,常顯示煩躁不安和生理不適吐了腹,瀉,體重不增)及行為障礙。,