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1、Section AGrammar FocusTranslate the phrases. search for no matter be made in in the local shops a toy car American brands a pair of basketball shoes avoid doing sth. in fact搜尋；搜尋； 尋找尋找不論；無論不論；無論在在 . 生產(chǎn)或制造生產(chǎn)或制造在當(dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昀镌诋?dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昀镆惠v玩具車一輛玩具車美國品牌美國品牌一雙籃球鞋一雙籃球鞋避免做某事避免做某事其實(shí)；其實(shí)； 事實(shí)上事實(shí)上Is it made of silver?It wa

2、s made in Thailand.What is the model plane made of?Where is tea produced in China?How is it grown?It is planted on the side of mountains.They are picked by hand and then are sent for processing.Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.1. 你的襯衫是棉制的嗎？你的襯衫是棉制的嗎？ _ your shirts _

3、 _ cotton?2. 是的是的, 而且它們產(chǎn)于美國。而且它們產(chǎn)于美國。 Yes, they are. And they were _ _ the US. made inAre made of3. 飛機(jī)模型是由什么制成？飛機(jī)模型是由什么制成？ _ the model plane _ of?4. 它是由舊木頭和玻璃制成。它是由舊木頭和玻璃制成。 Its made of _ _ and _.5. 茶產(chǎn)自中國哪里？茶產(chǎn)自中國哪里？ _ _ tea _ in China? 6. 茶產(chǎn)自很多不同的地區(qū)。茶產(chǎn)自很多不同的地區(qū)。 Its produced in many _ _.Whats madeWhe

4、re is produced different areasused wood glass7. 茶是如何制成的？茶是如何制成的？ _ is tea _?8. 茶樹種植在山坡上。當(dāng)茶葉長成后茶樹種植在山坡上。當(dāng)茶葉長成后, 它們被它們被手工采摘下來，然后送去加工。手工采摘下來，然后送去加工。 Tea plants _ _ on the sides of the mountains. When the leaves are ready, they _ _ by hand and then _ _ for processing. How produced are grownare pickedare

5、 sent9. 在杭州人們種植茶葉。在杭州人們種植茶葉。 People _ _ in Hangzhou. Tea _ _ (by people) in Hangzhou.grow teais grown被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)定義：語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用于表定義：語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用于表明主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。明主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。主動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者主動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者被動(dòng)語態(tài)：表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者e.g. Many people speak English. （主動(dòng)語態(tài)（主動(dòng)語態(tài), 句子的主語句子的主語many people是是 動(dòng)

6、作動(dòng)作speak的執(zhí)行者）的執(zhí)行者） English is spoken by many people. （被動(dòng)語態(tài)（被動(dòng)語態(tài), 句子的主語句子的主語English是動(dòng)作是動(dòng)作 speak的承受者）的承受者）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)： e.g. The baby is looked after by her mother. 這嬰兒是由她媽媽照顧的。這嬰兒是由她媽媽照顧的。2. 不知誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指不知誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指 出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)：出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)： e.g. This kind of car is mad

7、e in Shanghai. 這種汽車在上海生產(chǎn)。這種汽車在上海生產(chǎn)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞be有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化，并有人稱和數(shù)的變化。有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化，并有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Nowadays Chinese _ by more and more people all over the world. A. is spoken B. was spoken C. speaksMany people speak English. 主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換English is spoken by many people.主

8、語主語 謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去式謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去式 賓語賓語主語主語 謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞 介詞介詞+ 賓語賓語解題步驟解題步驟1. 找賓語找賓語動(dòng)作的承受者；動(dòng)作的承受者；2. 判斷賓語單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語單復(fù)數(shù)be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)；3. 判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；4. 修改謂語時(shí)態(tài)修改謂語時(shí)態(tài)原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞；原句動(dòng)詞改為過去分詞；5. 修改原句主語修改原句主語即即by+主語主語/賓語。賓語。 e.g. They make shoes in that factory. Shoes are made by them in

9、 that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)1. 肯定句肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ am/is /are+及物動(dòng)詞的過及物動(dòng)詞的過 去分詞去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。e.g. 我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次。我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次。 The windows of our house are cleaned once a week. 2. 否定句：否定句：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ is/am/are not+及物動(dòng)詞的過去及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞分詞+其他。其他。e.g. 我們房子的窗戶并不是一星期擦我們房子的窗戶并不是一星期擦 一次。一次。 The windows

10、 of our house arent cleaned once a week3. 一般疑問句：一般疑問句：結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)：is, am, are+主語主語 +及物動(dòng)詞的過去分及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞詞+其他其他?e.g. 我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次嗎？我們房子的窗戶一星期擦一次嗎？ Are the windows of our house cleaned once a week?4. Most of the earths surface _ (cover) by water.5. The classroom _ (clean) by the students every day.1. Children

11、 under 18 _ (not allowed) to watch this show without their parents.2. We _ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month.3. A: What language _ (speak) in Germany? B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.are not allowedare paid4a Complete the sentences with the correct forms

12、 of the verbs in brackets.is spoken is covered is cleaned4) Which language _ the most widely _ (speak) in the world?5) The students _ often _ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.6) Vegetables, eggs and fruits _ (sell) in this shop.1) Sunglasses _ (use) for protecting peoples eyes. 2) A pic

13、ture _ (put) up on the blackboard. 3) French _ (speak) in France. are usedis putis spoken用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。isspokenaretold are sold4bRewrite the sentences using the passive voice.1. Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains. _ _The tea is planted on the sides of mountains by farmers.點(diǎn)撥

14、：將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，點(diǎn)撥：將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)先確定句應(yīng)先確定句子的謂語動(dòng)詞，并找出句子的賓語子的謂語動(dòng)詞，并找出句子的賓語。然后，將句。然后，將句子的賓語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，將謂語動(dòng)詞變成子的賓語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，將謂語動(dòng)詞變成be + v.-ed形式。形式。2. This shop uses the best materials to make dresses. _ _1) 主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞為use, 賓語是賓語是the best materials。2) 將將the best materials作被動(dòng)句的主語作被動(dòng)句的主語, 謂語動(dòng)詞改為謂語動(dòng)詞改為are

15、 used的形式。的形式。The best materials are used by this shop to make dresses. n. 材料材料; 原料原料3. Careless driving causes many traffic accidents. _ _4. The postman brings letters and postcards to peoples home. _ _ Letters and postcards are brought to peoples home by the postman. Many traffic accidents are caus

16、ed by careless driving. n. 交通交通; 路上行駛的車輛路上行駛的車輛n. 郵遞員郵遞員5. Our family does not use this silver plate very often. _ _ This silver plate isnt used very often by our family. A: Whats your pencil made of?B: Its made of wood.A: Where was it made?B: It was made in Shanghai.A: Whats your made of?B: Its mad

17、e of A: Where was it made?B: It was made in jacketsweaterT-shirtshoescapglovesring People play football all over the world.2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. Football is played all over the world by people.A story is told by the old man on

18、TV on Sunday.The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully. 把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。把下列的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型1. 肯定句肯定句 主語主語 + be + 過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)A sweet song is sung by her on the stage.2. 否定句否定句 主語主語 + be + not +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)3. 一般疑問句一般疑問句 Be + 主語主語 +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)? A sweet song isnt sung by

19、her on the stage.Is a sweet song sung by her on the stage?4. 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句 疑問詞疑問詞 + be + 主語主語 +過去分詞過去分詞 + (by)?Where is a sweet song sung by her? Do you water your flowers every day?(變變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句為被動(dòng)句) Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (變?yōu)橐勺優(yōu)橐蓡柧鋯柧?Are your flowers wa

20、tered by you every day?Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful？按要求改寫下列句子。按要求改寫下列句子。3. This English song is sung by the girls after class. 改為否定句改為否定句改為一般疑問句，并做肯定和否定回答改為一般疑問句，并做肯定和否定回答對(duì)劃線部分提問對(duì)劃線部分提問This English song is not sung by the girls after class.Is this Engli

21、sh song sung by the girls after class?Yes, it is. / No, it isnt.When is this English song sung by the girls?被動(dòng)語態(tài)的運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的運(yùn)用:（1） 不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒不知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒 有必要知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。有必要知道誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 這座房子太舊了，它是這座房子太舊了，它是1950年建的。年建的。When will the road be opened to traffi

22、c? 這條路什么時(shí)候通車這條路什么時(shí)候通車?（2） 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象即賓語時(shí)。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象即賓語時(shí)。 Calculator cant be used in the math exam. 計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。計(jì)算器不能用于數(shù)學(xué)考試。 He was awarded first prize in that contest. 他在比賽中得了第一。他在比賽中得了第一。 有時(shí)為了禮貌等原因不愿說出行為者有時(shí)為了禮貌等原因不愿說出行為者,這時(shí)也常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這時(shí)也常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end

23、 of next month. 新實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須在下個(gè)月底前完工。新實(shí)驗(yàn)室必須在下個(gè)月底前完工。You are requested to give a performance. 請(qǐng)你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。請(qǐng)你給我們表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。（3） 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)： 含有雙賓語，即直接賓語含有雙賓語，即直接賓語(常指事物常指事物)和間接和間接賓語賓語(常指人常指人)的句子，每個(gè)賓語都可變?yōu)楸坏木渥?，每個(gè)賓語都可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，即其被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式，動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，即其被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式，但多以間接賓語作主語。但多以間接賓語作主語。 Jack tells us t

24、he truth. We are told the truth by Jack. The truth is told (to) us by Jack. He gives me the football. (改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)改成被動(dòng)語態(tài))I _ _ the football by him.The football _ _ _ me by him.amgivenisgivento 動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意 1). 系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)之意。常見的系動(dòng)詞有：之意。常見的系動(dòng)詞有： be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞, look, seem, ap

25、pear, feel, sound, smell, taste等等 It smells terrible. 2).下列動(dòng)詞下列動(dòng)詞(詞組詞組)沒有被動(dòng)式：沒有被動(dòng)式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take An accident happened yesterday. 注注 意意3). 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示等，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)意義。 This book sells well. 這本書暢銷。這本書暢銷。 The kind of cloth washes well. 這種布很容易洗。這種布很容易洗。 4). 在英語口語中，有時(shí)可用在英語口語中，有時(shí)可用“get+過去分過去分詞詞”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： I got dressed as quickly as l could. 我盡快穿上衣服。我盡快穿上衣服。這樣結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見的搭配有：這樣結(jié)構(gòu)比較常見的搭配有：get arrested, get caught, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get lost, get married等。等。