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1、 仿真沖刺練(一) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．—Why haven't you invited him to see a film together? —He ________ an important essay when I found him and he ________ it. A．had written；didn't finish B．was writing；hasn't finished C．wrote；wouldn't finish D．has written；hadn't finished B　[考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：“為什么你還沒有邀請(qǐng)他一起看電影？”“當(dāng)我找到他的時(shí)候

2、，他在寫一篇重要的論文，而且到現(xiàn)在還沒有寫完?！庇傻诙渲械?when I found him 看出當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的時(shí)候，他正在做某事，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。因?yàn)榈侥壳盀橹惯€沒有寫完，所以現(xiàn)在仍未邀請(qǐng)他看電影，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。] 2．The extremely competitive work environment，________now includes growing numbers of well－educated females, is having a negative impact on birth rates. A．where B．which C．that

3、D．a(chǎn)s B　[考查定語從句。句意：現(xiàn)在擁有越來越多知識(shí)女性的競爭激烈的工作環(huán)境對(duì)出生率造成負(fù)面影響?？崭袂坝卸禾?hào)，所以空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。從句中缺主語，因此which充當(dāng)從句的主語。] 3．—How do you find your trip to New York during the Spring Festival? —________. I can't speak too highly of it. A．You said it. B．It's awful! C．Don't mention it. D．Oh，wonderful indeed! D　[考查情景交際。句意

4、：“你春節(jié)期間的紐約之旅怎么樣？”“很精彩！簡直無法用言語形容”。You said it意為“一點(diǎn)不錯(cuò)”；It's awful 意為“這太可怕了”。Don't mention it意為“別提了”；Oh，wonderful indeed意為“的確很棒”。根據(jù)I can't speak too highly of it(我對(duì)這次旅行評(píng)價(jià)很高)來看，應(yīng)該給予肯定的評(píng)價(jià)，故選D。] 4．My brother，________ for months to find a job as a waiter，finally took a position at a local travel agency.

5、A．struggling B．struggled C．having struggled D．has struggled C　[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我的哥哥努力了幾個(gè)月想找一份服務(wù)生的工作，最終在當(dāng)?shù)氐穆眯猩缰\得了一個(gè)職位。本句中struggle與主句的主語my brother構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，并發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前，與for months連用，所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。] 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：57732084】 5．Last night，Philip hadn't walked for a long time in the street ________ he heard the cries f

6、or help. A．than B．until C．when D．before C　[考查狀語從句。句意：昨天晚上菲利普在街上還沒走多久就聽到了呼救聲。該句中的when意為“就在這個(gè)時(shí)候”。] 6．Some people don't know that by helping a criminal they could ________ with a prison sentence. A．come up B．end up C．put up D．catch up B　[考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：一些人不知道，幫助罪犯可能導(dǎo)致他們自己也被判刑。come up with意為“想出(計(jì)劃，方案等

7、)”；end up with意為“以……結(jié)局告終”；put up with意為“忍受”；catch up with意為“跟上”。] 7．My aunt cares much about her appearance and always asks if she looks fine in ________she is wearing. A．that B．what C．how D．which B　[考查名詞性從句。句意：我的嬸嬸非常注意外表，總是問別人她是否穿著得體。根據(jù)look fine in可知，后面跟的是賓語從句，賓語從句中缺少wear的賓語，而what在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語

8、和表語。選項(xiàng)中that在名詞性從句中是不充當(dāng)任何成分的，how只能充當(dāng)狀語，which在名詞性從句中可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語，意為“哪一個(gè)”，要有一個(gè)選擇的范圍才行。] 8．They weighed the advantages of the operation ________ all the possible risks involved over and over again. A．within B．except C．behind D．a(chǎn)gainst D　[考查介詞用法。句意：他們?cè)偃饬苛耸中g(shù)的利弊和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這里含有對(duì)比之意。against含有“與……對(duì)比，對(duì)照”之意。] 9．

9、Success is not final，and failure is not deadly.It is，you know，the courage to continue ________ counts in life. A．that B．which C．where D．when A　[考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：成功不是最終目的，失敗也不是致命的。你知道，生活中，繼續(xù)下去的勇氣才最重要。you know為插入語，做題時(shí)可刪除，以免影響思考。It is the courage to continue that counts in life為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子的主語the courage to

10、 continue。故選A。] 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：57732085】 10．Bungee jumping can be very dangerous，but the people who organize it are very careful not to ________ safety. A．compromise B．compensate C．conduct D．construct A　[考查動(dòng)詞。句意：蹦極可能非常危險(xiǎn)，但是組織者會(huì)非常小心，不會(huì)危及生命安全。compromise意為“危及，損害；妥協(xié)，讓步”；compensate意為“彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償”；conduct意為“組織，實(shí)施；指

11、揮；帶領(lǐng)，引導(dǎo)；舉止，表現(xiàn)”；construct意為“建筑，修建；組成，創(chuàng)建”。] 11．He found it very difficult to speak ________，for his lips trembled and refused to form the words. A．plainly B．closely C．firmly D．frequently A　[考查副詞。句意：他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己非常難以簡單明了地說話，因?yàn)樗淖齑皆陬澏抖覠o法說話。plainly意為“簡單明了地，直截了當(dāng)?shù)?；清晰地，清楚地，明顯地”；closely意為“親密地，密切地，仔細(xì)地”；firmly意為“

12、堅(jiān)定地，堅(jiān)決地”；frequently意為“經(jīng)常地，頻繁地”。] 12．He managed to reach the summit of his career，but it was at the ________ of his health. A．consumption B．credit C．exhaustion D．expense D　[考查名詞搭配。句意：他設(shè)法達(dá)到了事業(yè)的頂峰，但是付出了健康的代價(jià)。consumption意為“消耗，消費(fèi)”；credit意為“信用，名聲”；exhaustion意為“疲勞，耗盡”；expense意為“開支，損失”。句中at the expense

13、of意為“以……為代價(jià)”，等同于at the price of/at the sacrifice of。] 13．Only when he reached the museum ________ it was the same place he'd been in last year. A．he realized B．he did realize C．realized he D．did he realize D　[考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：他到了這個(gè)博物館的時(shí)候，才發(fā)現(xiàn)去年來過這個(gè)地方。only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語時(shí)主句要部分倒裝，即把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞提到主語的前面。] 14．Don't worry

14、about what to wear to her party—it's all ________ anyway，because you haven't even been invited yet. A．a(chǎn)cademic B．painful C．physical D．bureaucratic A　[考查形容詞。句意：不要擔(dān)心參加她的聚會(huì)穿什么，不管怎樣這完全不切實(shí)際，因?yàn)槟銢]有被邀請(qǐng)。academic意為“不切實(shí)際的，脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)的”；painful意為“痛苦的”；physical意為“物質(zhì)的，身體的”；bureaucratic意為“官僚主義的”。] 15．—Mary is a very

15、diligent student. —________．As far as I know，she often stays up late. A．You can say that again B．Absolutely not C．Heaven knows D．No way A　[考查習(xí)慣用語。句意：“瑪麗是一個(gè)非常勤奮的學(xué)生?！薄澳阏f的對(duì)極了，據(jù)我所知她經(jīng)常熬夜到很晚”。You can say that again意為“正是如此，你說得對(duì)極了”；Absolutely not意為“絕對(duì)不是”；Heaven knows意為“天知道”；No way意為“沒門”。] Ⅱ.完形填空 I b

16、elieve confidence is a key success indicator in every sport.When knowing my __16__believed in me，I believed in myself.When I was a collegiate baseball athlete I __17__with confidence at the plate.I felt my trainer and my teammates didn't have the confidence in me to hit the ball and they were __18__

17、．It wasn't because I didn't have the ability to hit the ball __19__ because I didn't believe I could hit the ball. __20__，when playing defense I was the complete opposite.I__21__the field，knowing every ball that was hit to me would be an out and it usually was.It's __22__ to think back on that now.

18、How could I have two completely opposite views of my skills and abilities in one game？This __23__ is what I bring to my coaching，my training，and my life.I know that if I want to accomplish something or I want someone to accomplish something I __24__to believe in myself and them. There're two things

19、 I do to __25__ improving my self－confidence every day： 1．Practice—Practice makes perfect.Not a single person in the world can __26__ succeed without practice.Practicing and improving your __27__ is the key to improving self－confidence.Doing something __28__the game will definitely help you succeed

20、. 2．__29__Self－talk—You can have everyone in the world believing in you but at the end of the __30__ you need to believe in yourself.Always __31__ to yourself in a positive way.Even if you __32__．Know you can learn from that experience and you'll use it in a positive way to succeed the next time.

21、 Confidence is the key to success in everything you do.But it doesn't come __33__ and it doesn't come without putting in the work and having a(n)__34__support network.I know that a consistent，daily approach is worth the time and effort and will be having a lasting positive __35__． 這是一篇個(gè)人情感類的短文。上大學(xué)時(shí)

22、，“我”是一名棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，可笑的是，進(jìn)攻和防守時(shí)“我”表現(xiàn)出兩種截然不同的狀態(tài)，進(jìn)攻時(shí)“我”缺乏自信，節(jié)節(jié)敗退，而防守時(shí)信心滿滿，勝券在握?，F(xiàn)在，“我”相信，自信是成功的關(guān)鍵。 16．A.trainer B．a(chǎn)gent C．sponsor D．friend A　[下文的trainer是提示。] 17．A.began B．dealt C．struggled D．competed C　[根據(jù)下文所述可知，彼時(shí)還是一名大學(xué)生棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員的“我”不具備強(qiáng)大的自信心，在賽場上時(shí)而自信滿滿，旗開得勝，時(shí)而自慚形穢，失意落敗?！拔摇睂W(xué)生時(shí)代的棒球生涯可謂是一段與自信心不斷斗爭的歷程。struggl

23、e with sth.意為“與……斗爭”。] 18．A.brave B．free C．careful D．right D　[根據(jù)下文第二段前兩句與第一段所描述的情況形成的對(duì)比可推知，“我”在進(jìn)攻時(shí)，成績不理想，教練和隊(duì)友對(duì)“我”擊中球沒有信心是對(duì)的(right)。] 19．A.or B．but C．a(chǎn)nd D．for B　[而造成這一結(jié)果的原因不是因?yàn)椤拔摇睕]有能力擊中球，而是(but)因?yàn)椤拔摇辈蛔孕?。] 20．A.Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Indeed C　[上下文之間構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。] 21．A.left B．swept C．bu

24、ilt D．owned D　[根據(jù)knowing every ball that was hit to me would be an out and it usually was可知，防守時(shí)的“我”，完全相反，掌控著(own)球場，心中確信每個(gè)擊向“我”的球都會(huì)被擊到外場，而且通常是這樣的。own意為“掌控”。] 22．A.hard B．funny C．surprising D．hopeful B　[根據(jù)下文How could I have two completely opposite views of my skills and abilities in one game？可知，現(xiàn)

25、在的“我”回顧過去的經(jīng)歷覺得特別可笑(funny)，在一場比賽中“我”對(duì)自己的能力怎么會(huì)有兩種截然相反的看法呢？] 23．A.experience B．barrier C．wish D．goal A　[This experience指的是學(xué)生時(shí)代打棒球時(shí)在進(jìn)攻和防守時(shí)“我”對(duì)自己的能力持兩種截然不同的看法的經(jīng)歷。] 24．A.pretend B．continue C．need D．prefer C　[回顧學(xué)生時(shí)代打棒球的經(jīng)歷，“我”意識(shí)到，要想達(dá)到目標(biāo)，得(need)有信心。] 25．A.work on B．rely on C．a(chǎn)gree on D．a(chǎn)ct on A　[根據(jù)下

26、文Practice—Practice makes perfect.和第29空所在句可知，每天“我”通過做兩件事情來努力增強(qiáng)(work on)“我”的自信心。] 26．A.thus B．still C．seldom D．truly D　[根據(jù)下文第27空所在句可知，在“我”看來，不經(jīng)過練習(xí)，世上沒有一個(gè)人能真正(truly)成功。] 27．A.memory B．skills C．images D．health B　[經(jīng)過不斷練習(xí)，才能提高技能(skill)，進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)自信。] 28．A.unlike B．over C．outside D．including C　[做些場外(out

27、side)訓(xùn)練對(duì)成功絕對(duì)有好處。] 29．A.Private B．Serious C．Long D．Positive D　[下文Always ____to yourself in a positive way給出了提示。] 30．A.game B．day C．road D．term B　[上文第三段中的every day及文章末句中的daily approach 是提示。] 31．A.speak B．turn C．respond D．a(chǎn)pologize A　[與上文self－talk相呼應(yīng)。] 32．A.cry B．sigh C．panic D．fail D　[根據(jù)le

28、arn from that experience 和succeed the next time可知答案。] 33．A.fast B．easy C．early D．finally B　[根據(jù)it doesn't come without putting in the work可知，自信來之不易，故選easy。] 34．A.lively B．independent C．strong D．international C　[根據(jù)上文When knowing my ____believed in me，I believed in myself 可知，自信心的建立需要自己的努力以及周圍人強(qiáng)有力

29、的(strong)支持。] 35．A.effect B．impression C．a(chǎn)ttitude D．opportunity A　[總結(jié)學(xué)生時(shí)代打棒球的經(jīng)歷，“我”明白了一個(gè)道理：堅(jiān)持每天傾注時(shí)間、精力去改善自信心是值得的，它會(huì)帶來持久的積極效果(effect)。] Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A 24 hours in western Sydney：what to do，where to go On a recent weekend，my boyfriend and I decided to explore the area for the first time. Friday 6 p

30、．m.—Check in at Atura Blacktown hotel After an easy 40－minute train trip from Central Station to Blacktown(about$5 one way with the Opal smartcard)，we catch a taxi(about$20)to western Sydney's newest hotel，the Atura Blacktown. It's a sleek but welcoming hotel with an open－plan lobby that incorporat

31、es an inhouse restaurant and a comfortable lounge area.Upstairs，we quickly warm to our modern guestroom，which features reliable，free Wi－fi，free movies on a large wall－mounted TV，and in the bathroom Malin＋Goetz toiletries(洗漱用品)．It's good value at about $160 for a king room. 8 p．m.—Dinner and a drive

32、－in movie The hotel's Roadhouse Bar and Grill has an upscale menu(mains $25—$40 per person)but a casual atmosphere，with an open kitchen and families seated at several tables.We've been told not to fill up on dinner so we reluctantly leave our tender scotch fillet and expertly pan－fried barramundi u

33、nfinished.At the reception，we pick up keys to the hotel's white Cadillac，which is parked out front，and drive around the corner to the Skyline Drive－In($20 for one car with two passengers)． Saturday 9 a．m.—Feasting in Bonnyrigg Everywhere we go，there is food.At the temple，we watch a famous Laotion

34、 chef prepare pawpaw salad，while at the mosque we are offered feather－light fairy floss.Later，in a low－ceilinged Asian grocer，we are fed sublime rice－paper rolls by a proprietor who speaks five languages.Those who dismiss ordinary Australians as conservative and intolerant have clearly not visited B

35、onnyrigg. 6 p．m.—People－watching at The Emporium In Parramatta，the venue(場所)of the moment is The Emporium，a 150－seat exposed－brick space with a mod－Oz menu which leans Mediterranean.Unlike many of the more casual places we visit over the weekend，The Emporium has a decidedly grown－up atmosphere，ful

36、l of well－dressed couples and smart wait staff.Dishes like a delicate stew of Moreton Bay bugs($36)and truffle－stuffed chicken breast(also $36)are delicious.Don't expect to get a table on Saturday night unless you book ahead. 本文介紹了作者和她的男朋友在西悉尼度周末的相關(guān)信息。 36．How much did the author and her boyfriend

37、have to pay at least on Friday? A．$216. B．$226. C．$332. D．$260. D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句、第二段末句、第三段首句及第三段末句可知，作者和她的男朋友周五至少要付5×2＋20×1＋160×1＋25×2＋20×1＝260元，至多要付5×2＋20×1＋160×1＋40×2＋20×1＝290元。故選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 37．According to the passage，a visitor to western Sydney can________． A．get warm in modern guestrooms B．ove

38、reat delicious dinner C．hire a car to see movies D．feel unfriendliness from ordinary Australians C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句可知，到西悉尼旅游的游客可以租車去看電影。故選項(xiàng)C正確。 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：57732086】 B Everyone likes a big pay rise.But if you know that a co－worker has been given a bigger one，the pleasure at one's own will disappear at

39、once.If the colleague is known for not working hard，one might be angrier.Such behavior is regarded as“all too human”，with the underlying(潛在的)assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of dissatisfaction.But a study by researchers from Emory University in Atlan

40、ta，Georgia has suggested that it is all too monkey，as well. The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys(僧帽猴). They look cute.They are good－natured，co－operative creatures，and they share their food readily.Above all，like their female humans，they tend to pay much closer atten

41、tion to the value of“goods and services”than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal's study.The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens(代幣)for food.Normally，the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for sli

42、ces of cucumber.However，when two monkeys were placed in separate but neighboring rooms，so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock，their behavior became markedly different. In the world of capuchins，grapes are luxury goods and much preferable to (cucumbers)．So when

43、one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token，the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all，the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber，or refused

44、to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed，the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to arouse anger in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys，like humans，are guided by social emotions.In the wild，they are a co－operative，gr

45、oup－living species.Such co－operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation(義憤填膺)，it seems，are not the preserve of people alone.Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the grou

46、p.However，whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans，or whether it originates from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago，is，as yet，an unanswered question. 公平意識(shí)并不是人類所獨(dú)有的，研究人員們?cè)诖菩陨焙锏纳砩弦舶l(fā)現(xiàn)了這種公平意識(shí)。 38．The researchers have found that capuchin

47、 monkeys ________． A．can be taught to exchange things B．will not be co－operative if feeling unequally treated　 C．a(chǎn)re unhappy when separated from other members D．prefer grapes to cucumbers B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句可知選B。] 39．The underlined word“it”in Paragraph 1 refers to “________”． A．showing senses

48、similar to humans' B．being angry about unfairness C．feeling jealous of those capable ones D．showing dislike of lazy behavior B　[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文內(nèi)容可知，it在此處指代上文出現(xiàn)過的such behavior，也就是“對(duì)不公平事物表現(xiàn)出的憤慨之情”。] 40．What can be implied from the last paragraph? A．Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions

49、. B．Co－operation among monkeys only exists in the wild. C．Monkeys refuse a reward if other members are not given the same. D．Capuchin's sense of fairness results from an unknown source. D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句可知D項(xiàng)正確。] C Scientific studies of techniques for deliberately changing the climate are getti

50、ng ready to move out of the laboratory. In 1990，John Latham，a cloud physicist，argued that if low－lying clouds over the sea were made a bit brighter，the Earth could be cooled enough to make up for the increased warming caused by greenhouse gases.The brightening was to be achieved by transferring w

51、ith the air tiny sea salt particles(顆粒)up into the clouds.They would increase the number of water droplets(水滴)in the clouds and thus reflect a large amount of sunlight out into space.Dr Latham calculated that it was likely to work. A quarter of a century on，such_a_test_could_soon_be_on_the_cards．Pi

52、tifully，for more than ten years Dr Latham's idea was almost entirely ignored.Then it caught the attention of Stephen Salter of the University of Edinburgh.He started to pay attention and analyze the possibility.The question of whether anyone could actually produce ship－borne sprayers(噴霧器)that would

53、reliably produce particles a ten－thousandth of a millimetre in diameter(直徑)at a rate of 1，000 trillion a second remained open. Armand Neukermans，a retired Silicon Valley engineer，has looked at a range of possible techniques.One that may be up to the job is atomization(霧化)，in which，rather than try t

54、o make truly tiny droplets，you make larger ones in which water mixed with gas afterwards turns into particles of the desired size.Thomas Ackerman and Robert Wood of the University of Washington have put forward a proposal to see if this technique really works.They are now investigating how to get su

55、ch a programme financed. They are not the only people who want to see how ideas from geoengineering studies play out in the real world.David Keith of Harvard University has been studying how to reflect sunlight back using an artificial layer of smog similar to that created by the sulphur(硫磺)thrown

56、up by large volcanic eruptions，which is known to cool the Earth.One of the risks would be that such particles can cause chemical reactions which consume and suck the ozone(臭氧)layer.Dr Keith wants to study how the rates of such reactions depend on the sizes of the particles and the background levels

57、of water vapour；that would help to assess the risks and perhaps find ways to limit them. For the clouds，the direct effects of the proposed experiments are tiny.These proposals are not distinguished by the scale of what is faced but by the precision with which they would be carried out and the care

58、with which their effects would be monitored. 本文是環(huán)境氣候題材類文章。介紹了科學(xué)家們?cè)噲D用人工干預(yù)的方式來改變氣候，從而達(dá)到控制全球變暖。 41．According to the passage，small sea salt particles in the clouds help________． A．reduce greenhouse gases and protect the sea B．make low clouds over the sea much brighter C．lower the sea surface's temp

59、erature D．increase visibility over the sea B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，選B項(xiàng)。] 42．By“such a test could soon be on the cards”，the author means the experiment________． A．was not practical in practice B．was likely to be carried out soon C．a(chǎn)ttracted the attention of geoengineers soon D．faced opposition fro

60、m other environmentalists B　[推理判斷題。由第三段第二句可知Latham博士提出的方案沒有被驗(yàn)證。而畫線句子用的是虛擬語氣，表示“這個(gè)方案本來是很有可能去被驗(yàn)證的”。on the cards意為“很可能會(huì)發(fā)生”，故選B項(xiàng)。] 43．According to David Keith，which of the following is considered as a danger to the ozone layer? A．Man－made smog. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Artificial bright light. D．Ch

61、emical analyses of clouds. A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二、三句可知選A項(xiàng)。] 44．What does the passage intend to tell us? A．Global warming can be controlled. B．Ideas from geoengineering have many practical applications. C．Scientists are making great efforts to modify the Earth's climate. D．Environmentalists have a

62、long way to go before their ideas are put into practice. C　[主旨大意題。文章中提到很多專家都在努力嘗試用人工干預(yù)的方式來改變氣候，故選C項(xiàng)。] D The New York State Legislature(議會(huì))passed a bill granting nurse practitioners the right to provide primary care without physicians' oversight，earlier this month.New York joins 16 other states an

63、d the District of Columbia in awarding such autonomy. Support for such measures has been widespread.Four years ago the Institute of Medicine called for dropping regulations that prevented nurses from practicing“to the full extent of their education and training”． As a physician，I couldn't disagree

64、 more.Though well intentioned，such proposals underestimate the clinical importance of physicians' expertise and overestimate the cost－effectiveness of nurse practitioners. The reason behind the new law is the awful shortage of primary－care physicians.A big reason for this scarcity is money.Primary

65、care pays the least of all the medical students，and interest in it is at a record low among medical students and residents.At the same time，as baby boomers are starting to retire and the Affordable Care Act adds millions to the rolls of the newly insured，the need for primary－care physicians is growi

66、ng. So hiring more nurse practitioners has been promoted as a cost－effective way to meet this need. Nurse practitioners，though generally praised for being sensitive to patients' psychological and social concerns，appear to order more diagnostic tests than do their physician counterparts.In one study，published in the journal Effective Clinical Practice，patents assigned to nurse practitioners underwent more ultrasounds，CT scans and MRI scans than did patients assigned to physicians. These differ