第九屆初中生科普英語競賽輔導材料.doc
第九屆初中生科普英語競賽輔導材料
1. An Animal that Sees with Its Ears
echolocation [ek?u l?u’kei??n] n. 回聲定位能力, 回聲定位法
eyesight ['a?sa?t ] n. 視力
object ['?bd?ikt ] n. 物體
賓語從句 Scientists now know that bats ‘see’ by using what we call ‘echolocation’.
表語從句 Here is how it works.
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It is almost impossible to trick them.
use their eyesight to hunt for food
certain bats: some bats
make a sound
send out sound waves
a fraction of a sound later: in a short time
not only…but…
even though: even if 即使
without any trouble
more importantly
catch it in mid-air
tell v. 判斷
something good to e
2.Fish with flashlights?
現(xiàn)在完成時 have+過去分詞 Have you ever heard of a fish with flashlight?
現(xiàn)在完成進行時 Have you ever been sitting at home when the electricity went off?
現(xiàn)在分詞doing,具有形容詞或副詞的特點,可以做定語、狀語、補語、表語。
如: There is a man standing there.(后置定語) Being ill today, I won‘t come.(原因狀語)
I see him standing there. (補語) He is speaking. (表語)
(注意它和動名詞做表語的區(qū)別,記住動名詞是個名詞性成分)
the 比較級+the 比較級 越…就越….
The darker the surroundings, the brighter the glow appears to be.
定語從句
These bacteria produce certain chemicals that give off a faint glow.
Some of these fish have special ‘shutters’ over the pouches in which these bacteria live.
Other scientists think that the fish use these ‘flashlights’ to attract smaller fish which they eat as food.
There may be other reasons for this special ‘flashlight’ that we have not yet discovered.
Key structures and Phrases
被動語態(tài) be+過去分詞 Sometimes the fish do not want to be seen, so they simply close these shutters.
This keeps the glow from being seen.
(the electricity) go off :go out / have a black out
give off light
pretty scary: very scary
search for: look for
as…as…
to a depth of 到達…的深度
once 一旦
pitch-black adj.漆黑的, 墨黑的
have the ability to = be able to
keep … from doing sth. =stop …from doing sth.
at other times = on other occasions
allow sb. to do sth.
a colony of thousands of bacteria 聚集著成千上萬的細菌
give off a faint glow= give off faint light
3 Penguins- perfect parents
survive [ s?‘vaiv ] v. 生存,生還
amazing [?’meizi?] 驚人的,驚奇的
形容詞最高級 the most amazing animals
one of the coldest places on Earth
虛擬語氣 If their eggs were left on the ice, they would freeze solid!
被動語態(tài) be left
定語從句 They return to the icy shore where the mother lays one very large egg.
make their home in the Antarctic 在南極安家
not only…but also =not only… but.. as well
survive the bitter cold 在嚴寒的環(huán)境中生存
make perfect parents=be perfect parents
spend…(in) doing sth.
at the start of winter
nothing but= only
a fold of feathered skin
roll onto
stay behind
be full of
feed with
care for = take care of = look after
go back to the sea
take turns doing sth.輪流, 依次做某事
one parent, the other….. 一個,另一個
聯(lián)系動詞---stay+形容詞 stay gone
表示狀態(tài)和狀態(tài)的持續(xù),如: be(是), seem(似乎), look(看起來), appear(似乎), feel(覺得), sound(聽起來), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), keep(保持), remain(保持), stand(站立), lie(躺), stay(停留)等。表示從一種狀態(tài)轉變?yōu)榱硪环N狀態(tài),如:become(變成), go(變得), get(變得), turn(變成), grow(變成), fall(變成某種狀態(tài)), come(成為), run(變成)等。
4 What?! A meat- eating plant?!
herbivorous [h?:'biv?r?s ] a. 食草性的
carnivorous [kɑ:'niv?r?s ] a. 食肉性的
the pitcher plant ['pit?? ] 豬籠草
sundew ['s?n,du:] n. 毛膏菜
be composed of [k?m'p?uzd ] 由….組成
slippery ['slip?ri] a. 滑的
rim [rim ] n. (尤指圓形物的)邊緣
prevent…from doing sth. 防止做某事
nectar ['nekt?] n. 花蜜
projection [pr?'d?ek??n] n. 突起,突狀物
suffocate ['s?f?keit ] v. 使窒息
fearfully ['fi?f?li ] adv. 可怕地
定語從句
Those that eat plants; and those that eat meat.
People in Asia could tell you about the pitcher plant, which is shaded with bright red color and produces a honey-like juice that attracts insects.
The fluid then suffocate the insect, which gradually is digested by the plant.
divide into 把…分成
believe it or not 信不信由你,不管你是否相信
for example:for instance 例如
tell sb. about sth.
is shaded with 掩映在….之中(被動語態(tài))
be composed of 由….構成
extremely slippery=very slippery
lean over 彎下身子,俯身于…之上
lose one’s footing 失足
at the bottom of 在….的底部
drown the insect 將昆蟲淹死 [draun]
digest.. as food for the plant 將它作為植物的美食消化掉
secrete a sticky substance [si’kri:t] 分泌一種粘稠的物質
prevent…from doing sth. 防止…做某事
struggle to free itself 掙扎著想飛走
adapt to 適應
5 Light night, dark stars
haze [ heiz ] n. 薄霧
artificial [,ɑ:ti’fi??l ] adj. 人造的
surround [s?’raund] vt. 包圍, 環(huán)境
be surrounded by 被….環(huán)繞
invisible [in’viz?bl] adj. 看不見的, 無形的
disorient [dis’?:ri?nt] vt. 使失去方向感, 使迷惑
efficient [I’fi??nt adj. (直接)生效的, 有效率的, 能干的
energy-efficient a. 節(jié)能的
shielding [‘?i:ldi? ] n. 護罩
blind n.(pl.) 百葉窗,窗簾
internal a. 內在的,內部的
形容詞、副詞比較級
more wisely and with less waste
even worse/ far more difficult
on a clear night 在一個晴朗的晚上
block the view 擋住視線
see.. from afar 從遠處看
witness light pollution 見識光污染
be made up of 由….組成
make…even worse 使…. 更嚴重
this haze of light 這團光霧
make it far more difficult for sb. to do sth. it 為形式賓語
depend on 依靠,依賴
guide them into the water 指路回到水中
end up doing sth. 以……結束
Key structures and Phrases
head toward…by mistake 錯誤地朝著…走
lit-up parking lots 燈火通明的停車場
It is estimated that … 據(jù)估計
prevent…from doing sth.
in use 使用中
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓勵某人做某事
motion-sensor lights 感應燈
energy-efficient light bulbs 節(jié)能燈泡
shine skyward 向天空照
可修飾比較級的詞
1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2)還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語
3)以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面
6 Don’t eat that sandwich!
contaminate [k?n’tæmineit] v. 弄臟,污染
bacteria[ bæk‘ti?ri? ] n. 細菌
vomit [v?mit ] v.嘔吐
diarrhea [,dai?’ri?] n. 痢疾,腹瀉
organism [‘?:ɡ?niz?m ] n. 有機體,有機組織
symptom ['simpt?m] n. 癥狀
Salmonella [sælm?'nel? ] n. 沙門氏菌
thoroughly [‘θ?r?li] ad. 徹底地,完全地
attach to [?’tæt?] 附在…..上
in the rush to do sth.急匆匆地做某事
throw it away 扔掉
follow a rule 遵循規(guī)則
single celled organisms 單細胞有機體
cause illnesses: cause diseases
common symptoms 常見的癥狀
food borne bacteria食物上滋生的細菌 (bear- bore- born/borne)
make people sick
earlier this year 今年年初
attach to 附在……上
according to 根據(jù),據(jù)……說
carry out a series of experiments 開展一系列實驗
it takes sb. some time to do sth.
toss it out 把它丟棄, 扔掉
be careful (not) to do sth. 當心(別)做某事
at the manufacturing plant 在生產(chǎn)廠家 [mænju'fækt??]
be found in raw eggs and chicken 被動語態(tài)
raw------- cooked 反義詞
cook thoroughly 燒熟 tip n. 提示, 技巧
動名詞----動詞原形+ing構成,具有名詞,動詞一些特征
Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection.
動名詞:動名詞在形式上和現(xiàn)在分詞相同,然而現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞或副詞的特點;而動名詞具有名詞的特點,在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語或介詞的賓語。
e.g.Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一種樂趣。 (主語)
Seeing is believing.眼見為實。(主語)
Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一個目標是結束國家的混亂狀態(tài)。(表語)
My job is teaching.我的工作是教學。(表語)
Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋該修理了。(賓語)
I have finished writing this book.我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。 (賓語)
She left without saying good-bye to us.她沒有向我們告別就走了。(介詞賓語)
My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜歡滑冰(介詞賓語)
Thank you for giving me some help. 謝謝你給我些幫助。 (介詞賓語)
Being a good housekeeper is a second tip for preventing infection.
7. A different way to wake up
assignment [?'sainm?nt ] n. 作業(yè)
halogen ['hæl?d??n] n. 鹵素
cured [kju?d ] a. 腌制的
clang [klæ?] v. 發(fā)出當當聲
strip [strip ] n. 條
preserved [pri'z?:vd] a. 保鮮的
spoil [sp?il ] v. 壞掉
nostril ['n?stril ] n. 鼻孔
beep [bi:p ] n. 喇叭
work on a degree in art and technology 攻讀藝術與技術學位
in electronic class 在電子班
create something for the household 開發(fā)一個家居用品
an alarm clock 鬧鈴
deal with
wake up to 被….叫醒
instead of 替代
clanging 發(fā)出當當聲的
rather than 而不是
There is no danger of burning 不會有失火的危險
use for doing sth. = use to do sth. 用來做某事
turn off automatically 自動熄滅(關閉)
a couple of(= several) frozen strip 幾條速凍的肉
the night before 前一天晚上
spoil v. 壞掉,腐壞
set the alarm for 把鬧鐘設在(幾點)
under the halogen bulbs
blow the scent out 把香味吹出
smell yourself awake 烤肉的香味把自己叫醒
on the side 邊上的
被動語態(tài) be+過去分詞Just a few easy steps are required to set the ‘a(chǎn)larm’.
8. Europe tops the world charts for quality of life
top n.蓋,加以頂,高達,超越
chart 圖表,這里指排行榜
quality of life 生活質量
show…as…顯示…為…
tie n.(投票等的)同數(shù),(比賽時)同分,平局;v. 不分勝負
tying tie的ing形式
criteria [krai’ti?ri?]n.標準
key criteria 關鍵的(主要的)評選標準
be lacking in “缺乏”
magnify [‘mægnifai] v.放大,擴大
scrape [skreip] v.刮擦,摩擦,“觸地”
stakes n.木樁,“方面”
knock …into…把…打入、擊入
dominate [‘d?mineit] v. 支配, 占優(yōu)勢
rank [ræ?k] n. 排名 v. 排列,歸類于,列于
annual [‘ænju?l] a. 每年的;全年的
consultancy [k?n’s?lt?nsi] n. 顧問
retain [ri’tein] vt. 保持, 保留
distinction [dis’tink??n] n. 聲望
Brazzaville [‘bræz?vil ] 布拉柴維爾
Congo [‘k?ng?u] 剛果
in which to live用來修飾先行詞city
Zurich [‘zu?rik] n. 蘇黎世
Vancouver [væn’ku:v?] 溫哥華(加拿大一港市)
Vienna [vi‘en?]n. 維也納(奧地利首都)
be used to 被用于
desirability [di,zair?’bil?ti] n.愿望, 需求
v. desire 渴望 -able 形容詞后綴 -ability 能力
natural and socio-cutural environment [‘s??i?u] 自然人文環(huán)境
recreation [rekri’ei?(?)n] 娛樂,消遣
equal with 與...相等,與.....并列
senior researcher [‘si:nj?] 高級研究員
basic comforts of life 基本的生活舒適度
hygiene [‘haid?i:n] n. 衛(wèi)生
personal safety 個人安全
differentiators [dif?’r?n?i,eit?] 差距
developing countries 發(fā)展中國家
developed countries 發(fā)達國家
instability n.不穩(wěn)定性
stable a. 穩(wěn)定的---stability n.穩(wěn)定性–- instability
round out 充實,還有,豐滿
in the environmental stakes 在環(huán)境方面
pollution-choked 城市污染嚴重的 choke窒息
Frankfurt [‘frænkf?t] 法蘭克福
Helsinki [‘helsi?ki] 赫爾辛基
Auckland [?:kl?nd] 奧克蘭
Copenhagen [,k?up?n’heig?n] 哥本哈根
Ouagadougou [wa:g?’du:gu:]瓦加杜古
Burkina Faso [ ‘b?:kin? ‘fæs?u]布基納法索(非洲國家)
Baghdad [‘bægdæd]巴格達
Calgary [‘kælg?ri] 卡爾加里
Mexico City [‘meksik?u] 墨西哥
被動語態(tài) be+過去分詞 was used as/ were used to/ is magnified by
現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+過去分詞 Though the world’s living standards have risen slightly since last year,… rise- rose– risen 上升
用于現(xiàn)在完成時的詞:already, yet, ever, never, before, just, lately, up to now, up till now, now, so far, for+一段時間, since+時間點, three times…..
9. Skip the milk chocolate, dark is better for you
skip 跳過
bonbon [‘b?nb?n] 糖果
be better off (doing sth.) 最好做某事,做某事很明智
protect against 使免受
interfere with 妨礙,干擾
dietary [‘dai?t?ri] a. 飲食上的 diet n.飲食
flavonoid [‘fleiv?n?id] 類黃酮
degenerative disease n.變性疾病,變異疾病 [di’d?en?r?tiv]
be good for ----be better for
if…, might…
favor vt.支持, 贊成, 喜歡 favorite a.喜愛的
favor…over…喜歡勝過
variety n.品種,種類 a variety of 各種各樣的 varied a. 各式各樣的
be better off switching 最好還是改變一下
antioxidant [‘ænti’?ksid?nt]抗氧化劑, 硬化防止劑 anti- 反,抗 oxid-- 氧氣,氧化
oxygen 氧氣 carbon-dioxide 二氧化碳 carbon monoxide 一氧化碳
raise +n. vt 及物動詞,后接名詞 n.上升, 高地,
rise vi. 不及物動詞,后不接名詞 n. 上升, 增加
protect against 使免受
heart disease 心臟疾病
along with 伴著
interfere with 妨礙,干擾 [,int?’fi?]
absorption n.吸收 absorb v.
scientific journal Nature 科學雜志《自然》
100 grams of 100克
blood analysis [?’nælisis] 血液分析
epicatechin [epi’kætit?in] 表兒茶酸
associate [?’s?u?ieit] n. 同事,助手
in contrast 相反,對比 a- [æ]
moreover= in addition 此外
(in the) bloodstream 血流
highlight the possibility 增加了可能性
highlight v.使顯著 possible---possibility
take into account 重視,考慮
dietary habits 飲食習慣
assess v. 評估 assessment n.
被動語態(tài) be+過去分詞 is/ was eaten/was seen
形容詞比較級 is better for be better off doing sth. much lower than
good- better –best much – more- most many- more--most
10. Lots of fruit in childhood cuts adult cancer risk
cuts adult cancer risk 成年少生癌癥
the more…. the more…越…越….
have an effect on 對….有影響
fill in 填寫(表格)
inventory [‘inv?nt?ri ] n.清單
be less likely to 可能性較小
suffer from 患(某種病); 受(某種病痛)折磨
cancer [‘kæns?] 癌癥
the more….the less likely…越多…,…的可能性就越小
lung, bowel and breast cancer [‘bau?l] 腸 [brest] 乳房 肺癌,腸癌,乳腺癌
childhood fruit consumption [k?n’s?mp??n ] 孩提時代水果的食用量 (consume v.消耗,消費)
have an effect on 對…有影響
in adulthood 在成年以后
Medical Research Council 醫(yī)學研究會
look into 瀏覽,調查
in rural and urban areas [‘ru?r?l ] 農(nóng)村的 [‘?:b?n] 城市的
up to 直到,多達
diagnose the case of cancer診斷患癌癥病例
in addition to 除了
fewer= make fewer 減少
be associated with 與……有關,與……有關系 [?’s?u?ieit ]
be loaded with 富含 [l?ud]裝載, 裝載量,負荷
vitamin [‘vit?min] 維他命
nutrient [‘nju:tri?nt] 營養(yǎng)物,營養(yǎng)品
genetic damage [d?i’netik] 遺傳學 遺傳損傷;遺傳性損傷
lead to 導致
the development of cancer 癌變
impact [’impækt] n. 影響, 作用
the impact on 在….方面的影響
beta carotene [‘bi:t?‘kær?ti:n] β胡蘿卜素
evidence [‘evid?ns] 證據(jù); 跡象
individual [,?ndi’vidju?l] adj. 個別的, 單獨的, 個人的
as protective as 和…一樣有效
[pr?’tektiv] adj. 保護的, 防護的
過去完成時 had+過去分詞 had eaten/ had been diagnosed
11. Internet may cause depression
appear to= seem to 似乎,好像
log on [l?g] 上網(wǎng)
be contrary to 與….相反 [‘k?ntr?ri]
account for 解釋
per se [p?:’sei] ad.本身,就其本身而論
in terms of 和….相關
decline [di’klain]n. 下降, 減少, 衰退
in psychological well-being 心理健康 [,saik?’l?d?ik?l] adj. 心理的; 精神的
well-being n. 健康,康樂,安寧
according to 根據(jù)
depression [di‘pre??n] n. 憂傷, 消沉, 沮喪
loneliness [‘l?unliniz] n. 孤獨
lonely a. – loneliness—alone 單獨的
less frequently頻率較低 [‘fri:kw?ntli] adv. 常常,頻繁地,經(jīng)常地
two-year study 復合形容詞
spend time on sth.
it is not….but…. 不是,而是
actually [‘ækt?u?li] adv. 實際上, 確實
puzzle over 對….困惑不解
be contrary to 與…相反
expectation [ekspek’tei??n] n. 預料; 期望
expect [iks’pekt] v.預料,預期
socially [‘s?u??li] adv.從社交角度上
healthy- healthier (than)
since= because
available [?’veil?bl] adj. 可用的或可得到的
hypothesize [hai’p?θisaiz]v.假設,假定,猜測
faceless 見不到面的
bodiless 看不見人的(body)
virtual communication
[‘v?:tju?l] adj. 實質上的, 事實上的, 實際上的
[k?,mju:ni’kei??n] n. 交流, 交際, 通訊
psychologically satisfying 心理滿足
actual conversation 現(xiàn)實的溝通
shallow---- shallower 更淺
exposure to 暴露 [iks’p?u??]
expose v. exposure n.
via= through 通過
be satisfied with 對…感到滿意
psychology n.心理學---psychological a. --- psychologically adv. --- psychologist n. 心理學家
sponsor [‘sp?ns?]發(fā)起人
point to 指向
application [,æpli’kei??n] 實際應用
12. What is color blindness?
tease sb. about sth. [ti:z ] 嘲笑某人
have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困難
tricky [‘triki] a. 棘手的
trick vt. 哄騙; 欺騙
normal [’n?:m?l]正常的
respond to 對…作出反應
inherited trait [in’heritid]遺傳特征
far more likely to do sth. 更容易,更可能
at least 至少
lend him a hand =give him some help
had better do sth. 最好做某事
13. 2009’s eclipse [i‘klips]
solar eclipse就是自然奇觀“日食”。Solar源于希臘語,指“of,relating to,or proceeding from the sun”(和太陽有關的或從太陽發(fā)出的),其相關的表達如:solar calendar(陽歷),solar cooker(太陽灶),solar heating system(太陽能加熱系統(tǒng))。 eclipse,由于它指代“天體的部分或全部受其它天體的遮掩而變得晦暗”,我們可以將其引申為“使黯然失色”,用在英語寫作或口語表達上會您增色不少。 “日全食”----total solar eclipse “日偏食”------partial solar eclipse
‘月食’:lunar eclipse; eclipse of the moon; moon's eclipse
be into….對….感興趣
spectacular [spek’tækjul?] 壯觀,場面浩大
charter [‘t?ɑ:t? ] 包租,承租
humidity [hju:’miditi ] 空氣濕度,潮濕 humid a. 潮濕的
sky-gazers 觀天象者,天文愛好者
gaze v.凝視----gazer n.凝視者
eternity [I‘t?:niti]永恒
eternal a. 永恒的
junkie n.對…入迷/上癮的人 [‘d???ki]
a total solar eclipse 日全食
book a trip= reserve a trip
sell out 賣完
as soon as… 一…就…
on average 平均
被動語態(tài) are announced 被宣布 are created equal 被平等地創(chuàng)造 dark a. ----darken v. 使…變暗
make a huge difference有很大關系
take place= occur= happen
frequent a. 時常發(fā)生的,常見的
humidity n. 空氣濕度,潮濕
make for 致使
relatively adv. 相對地
easy-to-reach 交通便利的
predicted length 預計的長度
long a.---- length n.
even longer even+比較級
get out to sea 出海
Iwo Jima 硫磺島 [‘i:w?u ‘d?i:m?]
14. Why do people shrink?
shrink [?ri?k] v. 縮
gravity [‘ɡræviti] n. 重力
cushion [’ku??n] n. 墊子
spine [spain] n.脊柱
press v. 擠壓
osteoporosis[,?sti?up?:’r?usis] n.骨質疏松癥
replace v. 代替 recover v. 恢復
become tiny enough become+ adj. 聯(lián)系動詞+形容詞
又如: become smaller and weaker stay strong
形容詞+enough enough+名詞
it is +adj+for sb. to do sth.
a little shorter a little +形容詞比較級
over time 隨著時間的流逝
over years 年復一年
at all 根本 take hold 控制
get compressed= be compressed
end up doing sth.以……結束
lose a little height 使人變矮
high a. ------ height n. 高度
break down 衰弱下來
is said to be lost 據(jù)說 被流失
it’s not being replaced 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)
eat a well-balanced diet 均衡地飲食
rich in 富含
bone-building mineral calcium 強骨礦物鈣質 [‘kælsi?m] 鈣
exercise regularly 有規(guī)律地運動
not as tall as… 不如…高
15. Benjamin Franklin and the discovery of electricity
know more about it 對他多一些了解
pass through metal 穿過金屬
base 根部
brass a-[a:]
thundercloud [‘θ?nd?klaud] 雷雨云
pick up electrical charges 獲得電荷
wet-wet/wetted- wet/wetted
cautiously [‘k?:??sli] 謹慎地
reach out his finger 伸出他的手指
a series of sparks 一串火花
thus 因此
might+現(xiàn)在完成時 表示對過去發(fā)生的事進行猜測 如:might have been killed
a bolt of lightning 一道閃電
figure out a way 找到一個解決辦法
16. Einstein’s theory of relativity
theory of relativity 相對論 [‘θi?ri] [rel?’tiv?ti]
be famous for 以…而聞名
mass [mæs] 質量
unchangeable 一成不變
be relative to 與….相對
in my point of view 就我的角度來看
different points of view 不同角度
from your point of view 從你的角度
construct a theory構建一個理論
apply …to… 應用…到…
the world of physics 物理世界
make advancement 取得進步
it is +adj+ for sb.+ to do sth.
remain the same 保持不變
elevator =lift 直達電梯
crash at the bottom 摔至底部
it seems that 似乎
depend on 取決于
You won’t feel like you’re being pulled on anymore than gravity usually does.你不會感覺到向下的拉力,正如你平時也不會感受到重力一樣。 feel like / sound like / taste like / smell like / look like
If…were, it would …..虛擬語氣are being pulled 正在被拽著
使用被動語態(tài)應注意什么
被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)被動語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”,其中be根據(jù)情況可使用各種不同時態(tài)。這句口訣是“被動語態(tài)必有be done,時態(tài)在be上體現(xiàn)” ,也就是說只在“be動詞上做文章,過去分詞不動!”初中階段要掌握六個時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)和情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)
一般過去時的被動語態(tài):was/were done
過去進行時的被動語態(tài):was/were being done
現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):has/have been done
一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài):am/is/are done
現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài):am/is/are being done
一般將來時的被動語態(tài):will be done;am/is/are going to be done
否定句和疑問句都在助動詞be后加not,疑問句把助動詞be提前
情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):can/may/must/could/should be done
否定句和疑問句都在情態(tài)動詞后加not,疑問句把情態(tài)動詞提前
哪些動詞無被動語態(tài):不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。因為不及物動詞沒有賓語,所以若將其用于被動語態(tài)則沒有主語,故不能用于被動語態(tài)。
如:take place(發(fā)生),happen(發(fā)生),break out(爆發(fā)),appear(出現(xiàn)),disappear(消失),last(持續(xù)),spread等:
17. Animals’ compasses
compass [‘k?mp?s] n. 羅盤,指南針
navigate [’næviɡeit] v. 導航,航行 – navigation n.
magnetic [mæɡ‘netik] a. 磁性
nectar [’nekt?] n. 花蜜
hive [haiv] n. 蜂箱,蜂房
migrate [mai’ɡreit] v. 遷徙
migrating animals 遷徙的動物
a variety of 各種各樣的
vary [‘v??ri] v. 呈現(xiàn)不同—
various [‘v??ri?s] adj.各種不同的, 各種各樣的----
variety [v?’rai?ti] n. 品種, 種類
inner compasses 體內的指南針
steer =navigate [sti?] 掌舵,駕駛
the position of the Sun 太陽的位置
switch to 轉向
the homing pigeon 信鴿
homing (鳥、動物)有返回原地能力的
the Earth’s magnetic fields 地球的磁場
indication [,?ndi’kei??n] n.跡象
mollusk [’m?l?sk] n. 軟體動物
make use of 利用
otherwise 否則
complicated [‘k?mplikeitid]復雜的
naturalist [‘næt??r?l?st] n. 博物學家
bee scout [skaut] 偵查員
in relation to 與….有關
gather the food 采集食物
may have changed 可能已經(jīng)改變了
somewhat 有點,稍微
In later trips during the day, the Sun will seem to move farther and farther toward the west.
出發(fā)地越遲,太陽就越偏西。 far– farther—farthest far– further-- furthest
change their course correspondingly 相應地改變前進的方向
course [k?:s] n. 課程,進程, 過程,航向, 航線,一道菜
correspondingly [,k?ris’p?ndi?li]adv.相對地,比照地,相應地
18. Colour and life
optimist [‘?ptimist] n. 樂觀主義者---optimistic a. 樂觀的-- optimism [‘?ptimiz?m] n. 樂觀主義; 樂觀
pessimist n. 悲觀主義者--pessimistic a. –pessimism depressing a.令人沮喪的--depressed a.感到沮喪的—depression n.沮喪,憂傷
suicide [’sjuisaid] n 自殺
excitement n. 興奮,激動(的事)
excite—excited—exciting
would rather… than…寧愿…而不是…
tend to do sth.傾向做某事
at least 至少
what psychologist tell us 做be動詞的表語
have been seriously studying …一直在認認真真地研究 現(xiàn)在完成進行時
the meaning of colour preference 色彩偏愛的意義[‘pref?r?ns]
as well as 也
have effect on 在…的影響 [I’fekt]
influence our moods 影響我們的情緒
[‘influ?ns] v.n.影響 [mu:d] n.心情,情緒
doubt [daut] n. 懷疑
cheerful 歡樂的,高興的
relaxed 輕松的,自在的
on the other hand 在另一個方面
used to be 過去常常
scene [si:n] 現(xiàn)場,地點
any other +名詞單數(shù) any other bridge any other student any other boy
paint---repaint– be repainted 被動語態(tài)
suicide attempt 自殺的企圖
sharply adv. 急劇地