*,*,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,,*,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,第二講 冠詞的基本用法,冠詞是用在名詞前面，幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物，是泛,,指還是特指的詞。冠詞是一種虛詞。 冠詞分不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞。,,a, an,是不定冠詞，,the,是定冠詞。,an, a,是不定冠詞，僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面，表示“一”的意義，但不強調(diào),,數(shù)目觀念。,a,用在以輔音指輔音音素）開頭的詞前，,an,用在以元音（指元素音素）,,開頭的詞前，如：,a boy an hour a history class an island a university an elephant a hero an old man,不定冠詞的用法：,,,1.,表示人或事物的某一類,A plane is a machine that can fly.,,2.,表示某一類人或事物中的任何一個。,This is an apple.,,3.,泛指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人何物。,A comrade is waiting for you downstairs.,,4.,表示“一個”的意思,He will be back in a day or two.,,5.,有時也表示“每”的意思,,,We have three meals a day.,我們一日三餐,.,,We have six classes a day.,我們一天上六節(jié)課。,,如果把不定冠詞后的名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)，只把不定冠詞去掉還不,,行，還得補上一個數(shù)詞或不定代詞（,some, any,）,The plan will be ready in a few days.,,這是因為“一個”或“某個”變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)時，就成為“幾個”或“某幾個”,,的緣故。,,,,定冠詞的用法,,定冠詞,the,具有確定的意思，用以特指人或事物，表示名詞所指的人或事物是同類中的特定的一個，以別于同類中其他的人或事物，相當于漢語中的“那個”或“這個”的意思。它可以和單、復數(shù)名詞，也可以和不可數(shù)的名詞連用。用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前讀,[ð? ],，用在以元音音素開頭的詞前讀,[,ði,] ,,在特別強調(diào)時讀,[,ði,:],。,1.,特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。,Give me the book. Did you hear the talk given by,Mr,Li? How do you like the film. Have you got the letter?,,2.,指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。,Where is the teacher? Open the door.,,3.,復述上文提過的人或事物。,,,I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.,,4.,世界上獨一無二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙）,The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. the globe, the universe. the atmosphere,大氣層,,5.,用在方位名詞前,in the south, in the west ,in the north,,,6.,用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前,The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is the tallest one in our class.,,7,、表示兩者間“較,……,的一個”時用定冠詞,The older of the two noblemen took a light. He is the taller of the two boys.,,8.,用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或事物。,The horse is a useful animal.,,9.,定冠詞用在形容詞前，表示一類人或東西。,The rich, the poor ,the wounded ,the deaf,,10.,冠詞可用在黨派、階級、民族名詞前,The Chinese people,中華民族,The working class,工人階級,The Communist Party,,11,、用在姓氏的復數(shù)形式前表示一家人，或這一姓的夫婦二人。,The,Lius,live upstairs. The Johns are watching TV.,,12,、在樂器前加,the,the,piano the violin,,13,、在習慣性短語中,in the morning in the afternoon,,14,、在人或物后有限定性的后置定語,The man standing by the gate is Li,Feng,.,,15,、代替所有格代詞，表示人體的一部分,He received a blow on the head,他頭上挨了一擊。,John’s brother took him by the hand.,約翰的哥哥牽著他的手。,,16,、在世紀，年代名詞前用冠詞。,In the 1980s,或,in the 1980’s 20,世紀,80,年代,in the nineteenth century,二十世紀,,17.,專有名詞前冠詞的用法,,1.,在江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運河前,the,Changjang,River,長江,the Pacific Ocean,太平洋,,2.,在含有普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前用,the,。,the Great Wall,長城,the United States,美國,,3.,在某些建筑物前,the Great Hall of the People,人民大會堂,,4.,在某些組織機構(gòu)前,the United Nations,聯(lián)合國,,5.,節(jié)日名,New Year’s Day,新年，元旦,Thanksgiving Day,感恩節(jié),,,但我國的節(jié)日前用定冠詞,,the Spring Festival,春節(jié),the Mid-Autumn Festival,中秋節(jié),,,但也有一些專有名詞前不加冠詞,,,,街名：,Wang Fu Jing Street,王府井大街,,廣場名：,Tian,An Men Square,天安門廣場,,公園名：,Bei,,Hai,Park,北海公園,,大學名：,Zhejiang University,浙江大學 但也可說,the University of Zhejiang,零冠詞的用法,1.,在物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞前不用冠詞,The desk is made of wood.,,2.,專有名詞前不加冠詞,Canada, Beijing,，,Lei,Feng,,,3.,名詞前有物主代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞，名詞所有格修飾時,this,，,my,，,that,，,those,，,these,，,her,,4,、月份，星期，季節(jié)前不用冠詞,Sunday March summer winter,,5,、在表示一類人或事物的復數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞,Horses are useful animals.,,6,、當一個名詞用作表語，同位語補足語來表示某人在當時或現(xiàn)刻的職位或頭銜時，前面不用冠詞。,,,He is chairman of the Students’ Union.,他是學生會主席。,They elected him president of the U.S.,他們選他當美國總統(tǒng)。 這里指的職位大體是指獨一的職位，“主席”、“主任”都只有一個，如不是獨一的要加不定冠詞。,,7,、在三餐前不用冠詞。,I have breakfast at 7 every day.,,,如這些詞前有形容詞修飾可用不定冠詞。,I had a good lunch yesterday.,,8,、在球類，棋類名詞前不用冠詞。,Play football (basketball, Volleyball) chess,※,抽象名詞，物質(zhì)名詞前不用冠詞，但后有定語修飾加,the,。,He is fond of music. The music of the film is very beautiful. Science is making rapid progress in China.,科學正在中國飛速發(fā)展。,Physics is the science of matter and energy.,物理學是物質(zhì)和能量的科學。,,