1. be doing/ be about to do/ be on the point of doing/ had done..., when... (when: 這時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生） 1) I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 2) I was about to leave when it began to rain. 3) I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over. 2. It was (not) +時(shí)間段 +before +一般過去時(shí) "過了一段時(shí)間就……" It will (not) be +時(shí)間段 +before +一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) "要過一段時(shí)間才會(huì)……" It is/ has been +時(shí)間段 +since... It was +點(diǎn)時(shí)間 +when... It was +時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) +that... (強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 1) It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. 不久他就意識(shí)到他處境危險(xiǎn)。(動(dòng)作已發(fā)生) 2) It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 還有半年你才從這個(gè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)。(動(dòng)作未發(fā)生) 3) It is 3 years since he worked here. = he left here.(since從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要從這個(gè)動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)候算起) 4) It was 3 o'clock when they received the telephone. 5) It was at 3 o'clock that they received the telephone. 3. once... 一旦……，表示時(shí)間和條件 1) Once you start, you will never give up. 2) Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work. 4. the +比較級(jí)……，the +比較級(jí)…… "越……越……" The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get. 5. whether... or... 無論是……還是…… 1) Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned. 2) Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth. 6. 祈使句 +or/otherwise +結(jié)果句或祈使句 +and +結(jié)果句 1) Stop doing such a foolish thing, or you will be punished in time. 2) More effort, and the problem would have been settled. 7. every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time等短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"每當(dāng)，每次，下次，第一次，任何時(shí)候"。 1) Every time you meet with new words while reading, don't always refer to your dictionary. 2) Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here. 3) You are welcome to come back any time you want to. 8. There is (no) need to do... There is (no) hope/chance/possibility of doing... There is (no) difficulty/trouble/point/delay (in) doing 1) Is there any chance of our winning the match? 2) There is no point in discussing the problem again. 9. it 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：基本構(gòu)成形式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +who/that +原句剩余部分 I met him in the street yesterday afternoon. It was I who/that met him in the street yesterday afternoon. (強(qiáng)調(diào)是我，不是別人) It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon. (強(qiáng)調(diào)是在大街上，不是在別的地方，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)，但不用where) It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street. (強(qiáng)調(diào)是昨天下午，不是在別的時(shí)候，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間，但不用when) 10. not... until 直到……才 1) The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river. 2) It was not until all the fish died in the river that the villagers realized how serious the pollution was. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 3) Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. (倒裝句) 11. not only... but (also)... 引導(dǎo)并列結(jié)構(gòu)：作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與鄰近的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Not only the teacher but also the students have their eyes examined regularly. not only... but (also)... 引導(dǎo)并列句時(shí)，not only引導(dǎo)的部分置于句首時(shí)要部分倒裝。 1) Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship was taken away. 2) Not only should we students study hard, but also we should know how to enjoy ourselves in our spare time. 12. would rather +從句(從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿粡木渲兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過去的愿望) 1) I'd rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在就把信寄出去。 2) I'd rather I hadn't seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒見到她。 13. so, neither/nor 引導(dǎo)的倒裝表示"另一者也如此"及前者的情況也適用于后者，用so, neither/nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，助動(dòng)詞的選擇依據(jù)前一句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 1) He has finished his homework, so have I. 2) My sister prefers coffee, so do I. 3) John can't ride a bicycle, neither/nor can I. 若前句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既有肯定又有否定形式時(shí)，或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不屬于一類時(shí)，用It is/was the same with sb.或So it is/was with sb. 4) He is a worker and he works hard, so it is with John. 若后一句是對(duì)前一句所說的內(nèi)容表示贊同或認(rèn)可，則主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)不倒裝。 5) — It is cold today.     — Yes. So it is. 6) — He visited Tokyo last week.     — Yes. So he did. 14. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)法： A +謂語(yǔ) +倍數(shù) +the +n.(size/ height/ length…) +of B A +謂語(yǔ) +倍數(shù) +as +adj. +as B A +謂語(yǔ) +倍數(shù) +adj.比較級(jí) + than B A +謂語(yǔ) +adj.比較級(jí) +than B +by +倍數(shù) 1) This square is twice the size of that one.     This square is twice as large as that one.     This square is once larger than that one. 2) This factory produced three times as many cars as they did 10 years ago. 3) He is 3 years older than I.     He is older than I by 3 years. 15. as/with表示"隨……進(jìn)展"，as后面接句子，with后面接短語(yǔ)。 1) With the industry developing, the pollution is becoming more and more serious. 2) As the industry develops, the pollution is becoming more and more serious. 16. with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(作狀語(yǔ)或作定語(yǔ)) ? with +n. +adj. (with可以省略) 1) (With) the street wet and slippery, we had to ride our bikes slowly and carefully. Because the street were wet and slippery, ... 2) The students were listening to the teacher, (with) their eyes wide open.  The students were listening to the teacher, and their eyes were wide open.  ? with+ n. + adv. (with可以省略) 3) He put on his coat hurriedly, (with) the wrong side out. ? with + n. + prep.-phrase (with可以省略) 4) The old man was seated in the sofa, (with) a pipe in his mouth. ? with +n. +to do/to be done (動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作還未進(jìn)行) ? with +n. +doing/being done (動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行) ? with +n. +done (動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或指n.所處的狀態(tài)) 5) With so many problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard year. 6) He was lying in bed, with his eyes fixed on the ceiling. 7) With the temple being repaired, we can't visited it. 17. 以here, there, in, out, up, down, away等副詞開頭的倒裝句(多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)。 1) Here comes the bus! (=The bus is coming here!) 2) Away he went. 他走遠(yuǎn)了。(若主語(yǔ)是代詞，則主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)不倒裝) 18. 方位狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)的倒裝句。 1) In front of the house stopped a police car. 2) Under the tree sat a boy, with a book in his hand. 19. 具有否定意義的副詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝。 常用的有：little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, no sooner, in no time, by no means, in no case等。