be(“是/存在”)動詞的各種時態(tài)變化： 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 一 般 將 來 時 一 般 過 去 時 一 般 過 去 時 I am…. You are.… He/She/It is…. We/You/They are (I/She/He /It) will be…. I am He/She/It is going to be We/You/They are I was…. You were.… He/She/It was…. We/You/They were I was…. You were.… He/She/It was…. We/You/They were 注意：句型變化時, 否定句在am /is /are /will /was /were / 后面加not,而且not都可以縮寫為n’t (am后面not不可以縮寫)； 疑問句將am /is /are /will /was /were 提前到句首。 其它謂語動詞(主動語態(tài))的時態(tài)變化一覽表： 時態(tài) 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時 現(xiàn) 在 進 行 時 一 般 將 來 時 一 般 過 去 時 謂語動詞構(gòu)成 動詞用原形(單三加s / es) (問句和否定句借用助詞do / does) am is +動詞-ing are will + 動詞原形 am is +going to+動詞原形 are 動詞用過去式 (問句和否定句借用助詞did) 時態(tài)的具體用法： (1) 一般現(xiàn)在時 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)?；蛄晳T發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),或說明主語的特征。 ①　一般現(xiàn)在時句子中常有的時間狀語：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意) ②　表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn))/ Light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) ③ 表示十分確定會發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時間表進行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達將來,句子中可以有將來時間。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列車上午8點開車) ④ 在時間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導)和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導),用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時,句子可以有將來時間。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家) ⑤ 一般現(xiàn)在時用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動作,動詞以come, go為主。如：Here comes the bus. (車來了) / There goes the bell.(鈴響了)。 ⑥ 一般現(xiàn)在時常用于體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ⑦ 人的心理活動和感官動作一般用一般現(xiàn)在時而不用現(xiàn)在進行時表達,常見動詞有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認為),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒) (2) 一般過去時 表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),這種動作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。 ①　表示過去具體時刻發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導的時間狀語從句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點鐘起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進房間時發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人正和他父親談話) ②　表示過去一段時間內(nèi)不知何時發(fā)生的一次性動作時,時間狀語有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市) ③　表示過去一個階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時,時間狀語有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ④　講故事、對過去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時,而且經(jīng)常省略時間狀語。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) (3) 一般將來時 表示將來某一時刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。 ①一般將來時的時間狀語有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引導的從句等。 ②　用will構(gòu)成的將來時,表示動作與人的主觀愿望無關(guān)?！皊hall”用于第一人稱,“will” 用于所有人稱。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學畢業(yè)了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一個人過了) ③　“am/is/are going to+動詞原形”表示打算或準備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/are to +動詞原形”表示安排或計劃中的動作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一個人告訴他們那個婦女就會生下那個特別的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ④　表示一個人臨時決定要做某事,可以用will表達。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學藥劑). So please wait until I return.(我要到化學實驗室去取些藥品,請等我回頭) ⑤　現(xiàn)在進行時、一般現(xiàn)在時也可以表示將來。(見相應時態(tài)) ⑥　shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當于情態(tài)動詞。Shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我們下周六去動物園好嗎？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎？) ⑦ “be to +動詞原形”表示按照計劃將要發(fā)生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.　 (4)現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進行的動作。 ① 現(xiàn)在進行時由“助動詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 ② 現(xiàn)在進行時的時間狀語有： now, this …, these…等,但經(jīng)常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說) ③ 表示即將發(fā)生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就來)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ④ 表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復進行的動作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過一些時候就忘得一干二凈) 現(xiàn)在進行時 （ ）1.我在照看孩子. (A)I am looking after the baby.(B)I'm look aftering the baby. (C)I look am aftering the baby.(D)I looking after the baby. ( )2._____friend's making______a kite. (A)I,me (B)My,my (C)My,me (D)His,his ( )3.Is the woman ______ yellow your teacher? (A)in (B)putting on (C)wearing (D)having ( )4.Look!The twins_____their mother do the housework. (A)are wanting (B)help(C)are helping (D)are looking ( )5._____are the birds doing? They are singing in a tree. (A)Who (B)What (C)How (D)Where  ( )6.Is she____something? (A)eat (B)eating (C)eatting (D)eats ( )7.你在干什么? (A)What is you doing? (B)What are you do? (C)What are you doing? (D)What do you do? ( )8.What are you listening_____? (A)/ (B)for (C)at (D)to ( )9.我正在聽他說話. (A)I listening to him. (B)I'm listening to him. (C)I'm listen to him. (D)I'm listening him. ( )10.They are_____their clothes. (A)makeing (B)putting (C)put away (D)putting on ( )11.Listen! She____in the classroom. (A)is singing (B)sing (C)to sing (D)is sing ( )12.Today Jim______ his white shirt and brown trousers. (A)is putting on (B)wear (C)put on (D)is wearing ( )13.______are you eating?I'm eating______meat. (A)What,some (B)Which,any (C)Where,not (D)What,a ( )14.They______TV in the evening.They do their homework. (A)are watching (B)can't watching (C)don't watch (D)don't watching ( )15.The children_____football. (A)is playing (B)are playing (C)play the (D)play a ( )16.They are flying kites. (A)他們喜歡放風箏. (B)他們在放風箏嗎? (C)他們在放風箏. (D)他們常放風箏. ( )17.Look,They are swimming in the river. I want_____you. (A)to go with (B)go with (C)helping (D)help ( )18.Look.Lucy is_____a new bike today. (A)jumping (B)running (C)riding (D)takeing 一般將來時 ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ it for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to give ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine ( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________ （不去）. A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t. ( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watch B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be 一般現(xiàn)在時 一、選擇題練習 　　1. Who _____ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing 2. It’s eight o’clock. The students _____ an English class. 　A. have B. having C. is having D. are having 　　3. Listen! The baby _____ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries 4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters. 　A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing 　　5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep 　　6. Tom is a worker. He _____ in a factory. His sisters _____ in a hospital. 　　 A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works 　　7. Who _____ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking 　　8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans 9. We _____ music and often _____ to music. 　　A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening 　　10. She _____ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting 　　11. On Sunday he sometimes _____ his clothes and sometimes _____ some shopping. 　　 A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does 　　12. The twins usually _____ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _____ some coffee for it. 　　 A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have 14. It’s nine ten. The students ______ a music class. A. have B. having C. are having 15. Is the man _______ tea or milk? A. drinks B. drink C. drinking 一般過去式 ( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday． A． isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't ( )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖ A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were ( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now． A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was ( )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday (前天）﹖ A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after ( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖ —＿＿＿＿＿＿． A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, 1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month. 2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So he ______ (get ) up late. 3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning. 4. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago. 5. I ___________ (call) Mike this morning. 6. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing. 7. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 8. Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm. 9. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday. 10. She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night.