2019-2020年九年級英語上冊 Module 12 Summer in LA主謂一致“三原則” 外研版 英語句子中的謂語動詞要和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，而在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中又有一些具體情況，概括起來，主謂一致要遵循以下三個原則： 一、語法一致原則 1. 如果主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。如： The number of students in our school is rising. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生人數(shù)在上升。 2. each, either, neither, nobody, nothing, anything, anybody, everybody, everything等不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： Each of them has been to Beijing. 他們每個人都去過北京。 Neither of them likes the film. 他們兩個誰也不喜歡那部電影。 3. 主語的數(shù)不受后面修飾它的短語的影響。如： Tom together with his parents has visited the Great Wall. 湯姆和他父母一起游覽過長城。 二、意義一致原則 1. 有的主語看似復(fù)數(shù)形式但表示的是單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如： The news is exciting. 這是個令人振奮的消息。 The United States is in North America. 美國位于北美洲。 Two years is really a very long time. 兩年的確是個很長的時間。 2. what, who, which, all, any, none, more, most 等代詞用作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)具體情況來確定。如： What you said is very important. 你所說的話很重要。 Which are their chairs? 哪些是他們的椅子？ 3. 表示抽象概念的動詞不定式和v.-ing形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多有害健康。 4. 一些集體名詞(如family, team, group, class, audience, pany等) 作主語時，如被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是個大家庭。 Her family are interested in football. 她家人都對足球感興趣。 5. 由“分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù) ＋ of ＋ 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，如果of后面的名詞是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；如果of后面的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如： Two thirds of the building is large enough for us. 這幢樓房的三分之二對我們來說就足夠大了。 Sixty-five percent of the books have been written in English. 百分之六十五的書籍是用英語寫的。 三、就近一致原則 1. 當(dāng)兩個主語用or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ...等連詞連接時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。如： Either Mary or her brothers are going to help me. 瑪麗或者是她的兄弟們會來幫助我。 2. 由here / there引起的句子中，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常和作主語的第一個名詞或代詞在數(shù)上保持一致。如： Here is an apple and two pears for you. 這是給你的一個蘋果和兩個梨。 There are two books, three rulers and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有兩本書、三把尺子和一支鋼筆。 [跟蹤練習(xí)] 請選擇能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 ( )1. An old man with his two children ___________ down the road now. A. es B. is ing C. are ing ( )2. Be careful!The rest of the water ___________ hot. A. are B. is C. look like ( )3. Tom’s parents ___________ from England. A. is B. am C. are ( )4. Not only the children but also their father ___________ living in the town. A. is B. were C. are ( )5. One pair of trousers ___________ not enough. A. is B. are C. has Key: 1—5 BBCAA