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1、 中英城市論壇下河北大學博物館陪同口譯實踐報告 摘 要 2018年3月25日，由河北大學承辦的“2018中英城市論壇”在我校召開，旨在分享交流雄安新區(qū)規(guī)劃建設相關(guān)經(jīng)驗。交流期間，相關(guān)專家對我校博物館進行參觀。全程由本人為參觀者們提供陪同口譯服務。 本次口譯實踐項目約為1小時，以中譯英為主，其間少量英譯中。 本次口譯實踐報告由五部分構(gòu)成即任務描述、過程描述、譯前準備、案例分析和實踐總結(jié)。在“任務描述”和“過程描述”中，本次報告描述了此次口譯實踐的具體流程。在“譯前準備”中，介紹了在譯前如何準備相關(guān)平行文本，查找相關(guān)專業(yè)詞匯等過程。在“案例分析”中，本次報告針對在口譯過程中遇到的實際

2、問題采取的翻譯策略和遇到的問題進行分析。最后，在“實踐總結(jié)”中，本次報告根據(jù)譯后對陪同口譯過程的錄音進行分析和歸納，總結(jié)出實踐過程中的經(jīng)驗與教訓。 本次實踐報告的意義主要有三個方面：第一，本報告是基于真實有效的口譯實踐活動，具有較強的實踐性和操作性。描述了真實場景下博物館陪同口譯中出現(xiàn)的問題和困難，并針對這些問題進行分析和研究。 第二，本次口譯活動從內(nèi)容上來說屬于博物館陪同口譯，因此本報告充分討論了如何利用目的論來指導本次口譯譯前準備中的博物館陪同口譯文本。 第三，由于本次口譯實踐活動是在雄安新區(qū)中英城市發(fā)展論壇的背景下進行的，向外賓們介紹了我校的人文學術(shù)水平，對于中外校際間交流聯(lián)系與發(fā)

3、展有著重要意義。 筆者通過譯后整理錄音文稿對本次口譯實踐活動進行分析研究，歸納總結(jié)本項目口譯特點與技巧，為此后相關(guān)口譯工作提供參考。 關(guān)鍵詞：陪同口譯 河北大學博物館 目的論 翻譯策略 Abstract On March 25, 2018, the "2018 China-UK City Forum" hosted by Hebei University was held in our school to share and exchange experience in planning and construction of the Xiong'an New District.

4、During the exchange, relevant experts visited our museum. I am accompanying interpreters for the whole process. This interpreting practice project is about one hour, mainly Chinese to English, with a small amount of English translation. This interpretation practice report consists of five parts: t

5、ask description, process description, pre-translation preparation, case analysis and practice summary. In the “Task Description” and “Process Description”, this report describes the specific process of this interpretation practice. In "Pre-translation preparation", it introduces how to prepare relev

6、ant parallel texts before searching, and find related professional vocabulary. In the “Case Analysis”, this report analyzes the translation strategies and problems encountered in the actual problems encountered during the interpretation process. Finally, in the “Practical Summary”, this report analy

7、zes and summarizes the recordings of the accompanying interpreting process after translation, and summarizes the experiences and lessons in the practice process. The significance of this practical report has three main aspects: First, this report is based on real and effective interpretation practi

8、ce activities, with strong practicality and operability. It describes the problems and difficulties in the accompanying interpretation of museums in real scenes, and analyzes and studies these problems. Secondly, this interpreting activity is content accompanying the interpretation of the museum. T

9、herefore, this report fully discusses how to use the teleology to guide the translation of the museum accompanying the interpreting preparation. Thirdly, since this interpreting practice was carried out in the context of the Sino-British Urban Development Forum in Xiong'an New District, the introdu

10、ction of the humanities academic level of our school to the guests was of great significance for the exchange and development of inter-school exchanges between China and foreign countries. The author analyzes and studies the interpreting practice activities through post-translation and compilation

11、of the recordings, sums up the characteristics and skills of the interpreting of the project, and provides reference for related interpreting work. Keywords：accompanying interpretation Hebei University Museum Skopos theory translation strategy Contents 摘 要 II Abstract III Chapter 1 Task

12、Description 1 1.1 Task source 1 1.2 Task contents 1 1.3 The purpose and significance of the project 1 Chapter 2 Process Description 3 2.1 Pre-task description 3 2.2 In-task description 3 2.3 After-task description 4 Chapter 3 Preparation before Interpreting 5 3.1 Theoretical preparation 5

13、3.2 Practical preparation 6 Chapter 4 Case Analysis 8 4.1 Problems in the practice of interpretation 8 4.2 Strategies in interpreting practice 10 4.2.1 Addition strategy 11 4.2.2 Omission strategy 12 4.2.3 Paraphrasing strategy 14 4.2.4 Transliteration strategy 15 Chapter 5 Conclusion 17 5.

14、1 Gains 17 5.2 Losses 18 Bibliography 20 Chapter 1 Task Description 1.1 Task source On March 25, 2018, the “2018 China-UK City Forum” hosted by Hebei University was held in our school to share and exchange experience in planning and construction of the Xiong’an New District. During the exch

15、ange, relevant experts visited our museum. The teacher at the International Office in our school contacted me to implement this project. This interpreting project is provided by him for interpreting services for experts and scholars., which is difficult and professional. 1.2 Task contents The

16、 interpretation practice project lasted about 1 hour, mainly in Chinese to English, with a small amount of English to Chinese interpretation. Based on the “2018 China-UK City Forum” , it helps the development of Xiong’an New District, shares and exchanges advanced experience. This interpreting pract

17、ice project is to accompany foreign experts to visit the biological specimens in the museum, and to provide interpreting services for the explanations of the lecturers, so that foreign experts can better understand the biology academic achievements and humanistic qualities of Hebei University promot

18、ing the smooth progress of the forum, and devoting to the Xiong'an New District. This interpreting practice project is completed by himself. Its content involves biological knowledge and many professional terms. It is highly professional and difficult. 1.3 The purpose and significance of the pro

19、ject The theme of the forum was “Assisting Xiong’an to Realize the Dream of a World-Class Future City”. It was organized by the British Embassy in China and Hebei University to provide an ideal platform for the exchange of modern city concepts and advanced experiences between China and the UK. Furt

20、her deepen cooperation between the two sides. The goal of this museum visit and exchange activity is to enable the experts and scholars of all countries to deeply understand the academic level, humanistic quality and local history and culture of the school by visiting the museum's biological achiev

21、ements and academic research projects in the context of the forum. In-depth exchanges and sharing of academic views, providing a wide range of ideas for the discussion and interaction of “Building a Green Wisdom Future City” and “Sharing the Best Practices of Green Wisdom Infrastructure Construction

22、 Projects”, with a view to providing reference for the planning and construction of Xiong’an New District experience. This interpretation practice is mainly guided by the German functionalism scholar Vermeer's teleology, using the method of translation and translation to help interpreter practice.

23、Interpreting the contents of the lecturer through on-site accompanying interpreting, and interpret the interviews between the visitors and the interpreters. The author analyzes and studies the interpreting practice activities through post-translation and compilation of the recordings, sums up the c

24、haracteristics and skills of the interpreting of the project, and provides reference for related interpreting work. Chapter 2 Process Description 2.1 Pre-task description When the author received the task of interpretation, he knew that the translation of the project was about the introductio

25、n of biological specimens and biological information in the exhibition area of the museum. It covers the relevant background knowledge and terminology of biology majors. Professional very strong, difficulty is bigger. In the process of pre-translation preparation, the author searched a large number

26、of biological translation literature in the field of biological science for translation, sorted out and memorized relevant professional and background knowledge. This part is also a difficulty for terms and vocabulary. The author sorted out and reserved the words by looking up the professional dicti

27、onaries of biology and collecting the biological words on the Internet. At the same time, relevant parallel texts were searched to help practice, and relevant translation theories represented by Skopos theory were searched to guide this practice, and teachers and relevant staff were consulted in tim

28、e to make full preparations for translation. 2.2 In-task description After finishing the relevant work before translation, the author rushed to the site of the activity in advance to contact with the relevant staff, to understand the site of the activity to the museum staff. In the field of tran

29、slation, the author interprets the introduction described by the interpreter by using the professional knowledge, terminology and various translation skills reserved before translation. During the process, there will be professional contents. During the site, visitors can easily understand the biolo

30、gical scientific research achievements of our school through multiple inquiries and multi-angle explanations. During the activity, many visitors would put forward their own opinions and questions. The author communicated with the interpreter about these questions to reply the visitors, so as to get

31、effective communication and promote the smooth progress of the activity. 2.3 After-task description After the accompanying interpretation, the author made the live recording into a script in time. Through recording the real situation of the scene, the author actively verifies the treatment of pr

32、ofessional terms in the process of accompanying interpretation, and summarizes the appropriate and inappropriate term translation. Moreover, the author reflects on the accompanying interpretation strategies used in the field of interpretation, so as to improve the accuracy of on-site accompanying in

33、terpretation and effectively convey professional contents. At last, the author communicated with the entrusting party, the on-site speaker and the staff of the practice, and gave feedback to the practice. The author sums up the relevant problems in this interpretation practice and has accumulated a

34、lot of practical experience in relevant fields. Chapter 3 Preparation before Interpreting As far as translation types are concerned, this task is accompanied interpretation. Accompanying interpreters are required to have good bilingual conversion ability and be able to deal with the translations

35、 of exhibits in a vivid and flexible way according to the actual situation of the site. Interpreters are required to be able to resist pressure to a certain extent. As it is mainly for the translation of museum biological area, this translation task will involve a large number of biological and cult

36、ure-related vocabulary. Some culture-loaded words may be difficult for foreigners to understand. Therefore, in preparation for this task, I consulted many scientific books on biology, as well as translations of relevant and cultural information. I also asked the explainer of the museum of Hebei univ

37、ersity for some terminology to ensure that my explanation was correct, concise and easy to understand. Generally speaking, the preparation of this task consists of two parts: theoretical preparation and practical preparation. 3.1 Theoretical preparation Theory can guide practice and play an impo

38、rtant role in the whole process of translation. It can improve translators' control of time efficiency, cross-cultural communication ability and translation quality. In order to successfully complete this task, his tutor, who has rich experience in this field, suggested him to take a look at Skopos

39、theory, which would help him to convey the meaning of the exhibits to the audience. Thanks to his advice, he benefited a lot. In 1968, translation scholar otto kardt proposed that "translation" should be widely used as a general term, including written and oral translation. Christian Nord points ou

40、t in her book German translation studies that "translation" is a purposeful activity. Influenced by her views on translation, the author reconsidered the purpose of this task. The purpose of this mission is to allow the foreign visiting team to have a more comprehensive understanding of the biologi

41、cal exhibits in the museum of Hebei university, so as to achieve the goal of cultural exchange and communication. In order to achieve this goal, he choose informative text as the main type of translation, and take free translation as the main method, omitting some words that are specific to the text

42、. Through free translation, he can better convey the meaning of culture-loaded words to visitors accurately. At the same time, the theory inspired me to pay close attention to the interaction and contact with the audience in the process of translation, so as to carry out translation work more effect

43、ively. 3.2 Practical preparation The preparation of translation is very important in the process of translation, and the quality of the preparation directly affects the effect of the translation site. The preparation before translation is quite complicated, which requires a strict and meticulous

44、 prediction of the situation on the translation site. Look up professional vocabulary and other information that may be involved in the translation process in advance. This task is the accompanying interpreter in the biological area of the museum. After receiving the project, the author communicated

45、 with the museum's interpreter before the translation. The guide provided me with the process of the visit, matters needing attention, the situation of the visitors and the general direction of the possible professional vocabulary, which provided the author with a framework help before the translati

46、on. In view of these situations, the author sorted out the overall process, listed the possible situations, and checked the relevant questions of the accompanying interpretation in the museum. He also searched for official translations of biological terms, proper terms and culture-loaded words in ad

47、vance. He browsed the English websites of national and local museums to look for official and similar translations and made a glossary. The visiting experts mainly come from Britain, the United States, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and other countries. Under the guidance of Skopos theory, I adopted th

48、e method of interpretation to make a vivid explanation of the exhibits. When encountering some problems which are not important and difficult to understand at the moment, they should spare no effort in translating to make the interpreting process effective. Chapter 4 Case Analysis 4.1 Problems i

49、n the practice of interpretation The overall task of the interpretation went smoothly. However, in the process of accompanying the interpretation, the author encountered many practical difficulties and obstacles. The following is the author's analysis of the problems encountered in this interpretat

50、ion after the completion of the task. First, a limited grasp of the professional field. This task involves the biological specialty, which is very professional. Due to the wide range of topics and contents involved in the interpretation activities, it is difficult for the interpreter to be fully pr

51、oficient in the translated field within the limited preparation time. Therefore, it is necessary to communicate with the interpreter in advance and deal with the number of professional terms and culture-loaded words to achieve efficient interpretation. In the process of interpreting, the author enco

52、untered many biological terms, names of plants and animals and culture-loaded words related to living things, which were difficult for him. This activity referred to the English name and introduction of the exhibition area. However, due to the limited professional knowledge in the biological field,

53、we may encounter some unknown contents in the interpretation process. Case 1 Speaker: 還有這邊是一些直翅目的昆蟲，我們現(xiàn)在的校長就是研究這一類的。 Interpreter: Here are also some insects with straight wings. Our president majors in this area now. Analysis: In this sentence, a biological term "orthoptera" is mentioned, whic

54、h is not involved in the pre-translation preparation process. Due to the lack of relevant professional vocabulary reserve, leading to the translation of professional terms. The correct translation of this technical term should be "orthoptera". Case 2 Speaker：這邊的是一些竹螟類，很擅長隱蔽，生活在竹子上,不容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 Interpr

55、eter: Here are some bamboo insects. They are good at concealment living on bamboo. It is not easy to discover them. Analysis：A technical term for the classification of insects is "bamboo borer", which refers to the insects that stick to bamboo. In the process of translation, the author only transla

56、ted it into bamboo insects, which is different from the actual meaning. The correct translation of this word is "bamboo borer" Second, the difficulties in language transformation. Translation is a process of bilingual transformation, and there are many differences between the two languages in many

57、aspects, such as grammar, vocabulary and syntax. Interpreting requires memorizing quickly and switching to another language in a short time, which puts the author under great psychological pressure in the process of translation. In many cases, due to the short reaction time, the train of thought is

58、not clear enough, there are some mistakes in tense, vocabulary choice and sentence structure and so on. Case 3 Speaker：這些獅子是來自保定動物園，是咱們老師帶著學生一起做的。它們是一對兒，一雄一雌。 Interpreter：These lions are from Baoding Zoo. They are a pair, the male one, and the female one made by teachers and students. Analysis:

59、The source language refers to the lion model made by the teacher and the students together. The author did not express the meaning of the lead in the interpretation process, but translated it into the teacher and the students together. In the translation process did not have a good grasp of the logi

60、c of the good speaker caused errors. Case 4 Speaker：保定動物園將這兩只獅子捐贈予我們學校。 Interpreter: The Baoding zoo donates them to our school. Analysis：This is an obvious tense error. The lion was given to our school by the public security bureau. The author in the process of processing, because of the psycho

61、logical factors of tension, ignored the tense problem. Third, insufficient understanding of cultural background knowledge. In the process of translation, the two languages will involve the cultural differences between the two sides, which are mainly reflected in history, customs, religion, social s

62、ystem and concepts, etc., which are all obstacles in the process of translation and also the challenges that interpreters need to face. The most common ones, such as 頂戴花翎，把件，羽化升仙, are loaded with profound meanings and cannot be translated accurately to visitors in a short time. Case 5 Speaker：這個是浮

63、游，它的壽命非常短暫，其特點是朝生暮死。 Interpreter：This is plankton, which has a very short life , born in the morning and died in the night. Analysis: Here, there is a Chinese idiom "朝生暮死", which the author has not collected in previous accumulation. Due to the limited time for translation, the author adopted the

64、literal translation method to express its meaning. After the translation, the author searched the word "ephemeral", meaning "朝生暮死". This translation is concise and accurate. Case 6 Speaker：因為蟬在底下生活十幾年的時間，然后會破土而出，羽化而升天。這就算對于重生的一種寄予吧。 Interpreter：Because it lives under the ground for more than ten

65、years, then it fly out from the soil. This is the meaning for the reborn. Analysis：A written language like "寄予" appeared here. When the author understood the meaning of the word, he mistakenly thought it was the meaning of "meaning", so he chose the word "meaning". It actually means to give a lot o

66、f hope.The correct interpretation is “hope”, means great expectations. 4.2 Strategies in interpreting practice The following cases are all from this interpretation practice, and these strategies are applied by the author in this task. 4.2.1 Addition Strategy Due to the different ways of thinking and expression habits between English and Chinese, some words and short sentences are added in the translation process, which can more accurately express the meaning in the source language and he