機(jī)電外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯--PLC使用虛擬儀器的實(shí)際應(yīng)用【中文2940字】【中英文WORD】,中文2940字,中英文WORD,機(jī)電,外文,文獻(xiàn),翻譯,PLC,使用,虛擬儀器,實(shí)際,應(yīng)用,中文,2940,中英文,WORD PLC 使用虛擬儀器的實(shí)際應(yīng)用 摘要:研究 13 個(gè)不同的功能(VIs)的設(shè)計(jì)和測試，這些包括：單輸入單輸出， 單個(gè)輸入雙輸出，門閂輸出，定時(shí)器，計(jì)數(shù)器,邏輯功能，小于、大于、等于的 功能，異或函數(shù)、復(fù)合函數(shù)和移位寄存器。在研究結(jié)束時(shí)，為便于說明，對(duì) 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng)，電動(dòng)氣動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及其模擬進(jìn)行了開發(fā)和測試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示基 于 PLC 的控制和基于虛擬 PLC 的程序結(jié)果之間完全重合。 關(guān)鍵詞:功能、虛擬儀器、梯形圖、PLC、模擬。 引言 今天，傳統(tǒng) PLC 在大多數(shù)裝置中仍在使用，但基于 windows 的個(gè)人電腦使 用虛擬儀器軟件(Abuzalata et al .，2010；艾莉雅 et al .，2011)越來越成為新安裝 的首選控制機(jī)制。PLC 控制行業(yè)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)最喜歡的工具是由于它的簡單性, 強(qiáng)大的 I / O 接口和性能可靠博爾頓(2006、1999)。傳統(tǒng)的 PLC 系統(tǒng)被證明是信 息壁壘企業(yè)級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)訪問。一個(gè)可添加的 PLC 固有的特有設(shè)計(jì)限制了數(shù)據(jù)訪問的 原因，如有限的內(nèi)存，編程語言的本質(zhì)(繼電器梯形邏輯)和數(shù)據(jù)訪問，PLC 內(nèi)部 的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)表和訪問數(shù)據(jù)表位置。PLC 的一個(gè)重要特性是一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 PLC)一次只能執(zhí)行一個(gè)程序， 而以工業(yè)計(jì)算機(jī)能夠以任何順序同時(shí)執(zhí)行多個(gè)程 序或任務(wù)。另外兩個(gè)重要的 PLC 的缺點(diǎn)可能也要注意到：第一種是 PLC 的寄存 器訪問是在一個(gè)令人驚訝的低層次上大多數(shù)的莫里斯（ 1982）和特拉維斯和克 林（ 2006）執(zhí)行。第二個(gè)是，我們?nèi)绻麑⑻葑舆壿嫼椭鳈C(jī)計(jì)算機(jī)程序都寫入 PLC 寄存器，會(huì)有一個(gè)明顯的沖突。相反，所有寄存器應(yīng)該是單向的，也就是說無論 PLC 寫入他們或上位機(jī)程序都是一樣的。與 PLC 相比,工控機(jī)具有幾乎無限的內(nèi) 存，相比傳統(tǒng) PLC。虛擬儀器很容易保持良好的體系結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用程序因?yàn)榉庋b和 模塊化是容易實(shí)現(xiàn)通過使用子 vi 來實(shí)現(xiàn)。 基于上述研究的目的是為了說明不同的 PLC 功能的設(shè)計(jì),以使用虛擬儀器作為實(shí)際應(yīng)用 環(huán)境。 9 等效 PLC /虛擬儀器的梯圖 在表 1 中，梯形圖梯級(jí)用于 PLC，西門子（S7-200）軟件及其等價(jià)物使用 LabVIEW 從單輸入，單輸出（繼電器），如本例托馬斯（2002 年）。 七天茶制造系統(tǒng) 七天茶制造系統(tǒng)的操作 茶壺的運(yùn)行需要以下序列：在早上適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候關(guān)閉和啟動(dòng)時(shí)間開關(guān)周期。閥 V1 被打開，水填充水壺?直到浮動(dòng)開關(guān) FS 操作。這將關(guān)閉閥 V1，并在釜加熱 元件 E 交換機(jī)水沸騰并經(jīng)營溫控器 TH。這個(gè)關(guān)掉元素 E 和交換機(jī)上的閥 V2。 熱水流入茶壺和 V2 必須關(guān)閉時(shí)，茶壺已滿。報(bào)警鈴聲響起，通知用戶用茶。 該系統(tǒng)依賴于用戶更換茶壺，每星期裝滿茶，每天供用戶取茶。所列出的順 序是“程序規(guī)范”。 輸入和輸出：虛擬儀器是用來代替 PLC 控制這個(gè)系統(tǒng)，眾所周知，PLC 的 輸入和輸出之前必須確定一個(gè)程序的設(shè)計(jì)。在制作茶水應(yīng)用程序中，輸入和輸出 是什么呢? 輸入：他們從傳感器、信號(hào)/信息通知了 PLC(虛擬儀器程序)所發(fā)生的什么系 統(tǒng)被控制。輸入告訴 PLC(虛擬儀器程序)是怎么一回事。開關(guān)、溫控器、傳感器 等，都是輸入設(shè)備。 輸出：它們是由 PLC（LabVIEW 程序）發(fā)出執(zhí)行任務(wù)（一般要求功率）的 命令。輸出設(shè)備必須被告知何時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)，如水泵，電磁閥，燈等。 輸出設(shè)備：圖 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng)在圖 1 說明了系統(tǒng)的操作。 指的是茶制造系統(tǒng)來識(shí)別每個(gè)元素作為輸入或輸出設(shè)備，給它一個(gè)獨(dú)特的識(shí)別， 如表 2 所示。 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng)計(jì)劃：由于虛擬儀器是用來代替 PLC 來控制該系統(tǒng)，然后設(shè) 計(jì) PLC 的程序，應(yīng)用 PLC 西門子(s7 - 200)軟件，然后使用虛擬儀器軟件。 說明 西門子 PLC s7 - 200 虛擬儀器 1 -單輸入、單輸出(繼電器) 2 -兩個(gè)輸入、單輸出 3 -單 onput 兩個(gè)輸出 4 -鎖存器輸出 5 -計(jì)時(shí)器 6 -計(jì)數(shù)器 7 -移位寄存器 8 -平等的比較函數(shù) 9 -少功能 10 -大于或等于函數(shù) 11 -異或函數(shù) 12 -添加功能表 13 -門閂計(jì)時(shí)器和內(nèi)部繼電器 表 1：使用虛擬儀器功能為 PLC 及 其等價(jià)物 圖 1：圖 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng) 圖 2：西門子 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng)的梯形圖 圖 3：虛擬儀器的梯形圖 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng) 圖 4：虛擬儀器仿真 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng) 無法識(shí)別 裝置 信號(hào) 可控制編程 虛擬儀器 輸入 定時(shí)自動(dòng)開 關(guān) Ts 1 10.0 Ts 浮動(dòng)開關(guān) Fs 2 10.1 Fs 恒溫器 Th 3 10.2 Th 輸入 數(shù)值 V1 1 Q0.0 V1 E 2 Q0.1 E V2 3 Q0.2 V2 B 4 Q0.3 B 表 2：輸入/輸出的 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng) ?PLC 梯形圖，如圖 2 所示，7 天茶制造系統(tǒng)程序的梯形圖使用西門子 PLC s7 - 200)所示的軟件圖 2。 ?虛擬儀器階梯圖：如圖所示圖 3 的梯形圖 7 天茶制造系統(tǒng)程序使用虛擬儀 器。 ?7 天茶制造系統(tǒng)使用實(shí)驗(yàn)室——模擬觀點(diǎn)：如圖 4 所示的模擬 7 -天茶制造 商使用虛擬儀器軟件。 裝置 信號(hào) 可控制編程 虛擬儀器 輸入 開按鈕 on 1 10.0 on 關(guān)按鈕 off 2 10.1 off 限位開關(guān) ls 3 10.2 ls 復(fù)位計(jì)數(shù)器 r 4 10.3 r 輸出 電磁閾值 sv 1 Q0.0 sv 表 3：氣缸系統(tǒng)的輸入/輸出 圖 5：西門子氣缸的梯形圖 氣動(dòng)缸系統(tǒng) 氣壓缸的操作：操作的氣缸閥門艾莉雅 et al。(2011)需要以下步驟：初始化 操作按鈕上的外部或內(nèi)部的軟件，電磁閥 SV 和移動(dòng)油缸前進(jìn)方向。氣缸接觸到 限位開關(guān) LS 時(shí)，定時(shí)器 T1 將被激活。T1 的時(shí)間值結(jié)束后，SV 回到關(guān)閉狀態(tài) 和電磁閥返回到原來的位置。這使得兩個(gè)定時(shí)器 T2 導(dǎo)通,T1 關(guān)閉，計(jì)數(shù)器 C1 增 加 1。 T2 的時(shí)間值結(jié)束后，SV 被激活，并在氣缸移動(dòng)到再次前進(jìn)方向。該過程一 直繼續(xù)，直到計(jì)數(shù)器達(dá)到它的值，則操作會(huì)自動(dòng)關(guān)閉。用戶可以在任何時(shí)候關(guān)閉 操作的外部按鈕或內(nèi)部的軟件,用戶也可以從外部打開操作按鈕。 圖 6：虛擬儀器氣缸的梯形圖系統(tǒng) 圖 7：虛擬儀器仿真的氣缸 圖 8：光耦合器與光電晶體管輸出 輸入和輸出的氣壓缸：將使用虛擬儀器代替 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)。眾所周知，PLC 的輸入和輸出之前必須確定一個(gè)程序的設(shè)計(jì)。參照該氣動(dòng)缸系統(tǒng)，我們可以識(shí)別 每 個(gè) 元 素 作 為 輸 入 或 輸 出 設(shè) 備 ， 并 給 它 一 個(gè) 獨(dú) 特 的 識(shí) 別 如 表 3 所 示 。 圖 9：氣缸的硬件電路 氣缸計(jì)劃：由于虛擬儀器而不是使用 PLC 控制系統(tǒng),首先設(shè)計(jì)程序使用 PLC， PLC 西門子(s7 - 200)軟件如圖 5 所示。 使用虛擬儀器軟件如圖 6 所示。 ?氣缸的 PLC 梯形圖 ?虛擬儀器氣動(dòng)的梯形圖油缸 圖 6 顯示了氣動(dòng)的油缸系統(tǒng)梯形圖 氣缸模擬使用虛擬儀器：圖 7 說明了模擬氣動(dòng)氣缸使用虛擬儀器軟件應(yīng)用程 序。 氣缸硬件：它包含多通道光電耦合器與光電晶體管輸出（人民幣 4-2），圖中 所示的引腳連接。 8 - BD237 NPN 晶體管，電阻器 920Ω，440KΩ-2 個(gè)按鍵， LED 燈 -24 V DC 電源-4/2 電磁閥，雙作用氣缸，行程開關(guān)-DAQ 板卡這項(xiàng)研究 涉及以下 DIO（。數(shù)字輸入輸出）通道的數(shù)據(jù)采集板，表 4，代表這些引腳 如圖 9 所示，硬件的電路結(jié)構(gòu)。電路包括兩部分，第一部分是光耦合器，隔 離板從采集高電磁線圈的電流，數(shù)字通道 5 板激活采集光耦合器及其輸出激活第 二部分(功率晶體管)。第二部分的目的是給合適的電流電磁(Suitablesignal 調(diào)節(jié))。 功率晶體管的輸出激活電磁閥(Alia et al 。，2011)。 表 4:戴奧頻道 符號(hào) 通道 引腳數(shù) 狀態(tài)（I/O） 程序 DIO5 51 輸出 sv DIO2 49 輸入 ls DIO4 19 輸入 on DIO0 52 輸入 off 結(jié)論 使用虛擬儀器環(huán)境，13 個(gè)不同的虛擬橫梁設(shè)計(jì)和測試。應(yīng)用同樣的方法可 以設(shè)計(jì)一套完整的 PLC 功能以實(shí)現(xiàn)可編程的基于 PC 的虛擬 PLC。在這種情況 下，虛擬 PLC 將獲得基于 pc 的控制的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 參考文獻(xiàn) Abuzalata， M.K.，M。A。K。Alia，S。Asad and M。 Salahat，2010。設(shè) 計(jì)一個(gè)虛擬 PLC 使用實(shí)驗(yàn)室視圖，學(xué)者 Appl?？茖W(xué)。英。 學(xué)報(bào)，2（3）：283-288 Alia， M.A.K.，T. Yunis and M.K. Abuzalata,，等效虛擬儀器開發(fā) PLC 功能 12 和網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Eng 。j 。軟件。4:172 - 180。 博爾頓，W。，1999 年。機(jī)電一體化在機(jī)械工程電子控制系統(tǒng)。第二版。英 國，大英圖書館。 博爾頓，W。，2006 年。可編程序邏輯控制器。第四版。英國，大英圖書館。 莫里斯 M。M。，1982 年。計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)。淡江大學(xué)、新澤西。 托馬斯，L。F。，2002 年。數(shù)字基本，第 6 版。普倫蒂斯·霍爾，新澤西州。 特拉維斯，j·j·克林，2006。虛擬儀器為每個(gè)人：圖形化編程簡單和有趣。 第三版。普倫蒂斯·霍爾，新澤西州。 本 文 摘 自 — — Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(24): 5677-5682, 2013 A Practical Applications of Virtual PLC using LabVIEW Software Abstract: In this study thirteen different functions (VIs) are designed and tested .These include, single input single output, single input two outputs, latch outputs, timer, counter, logic function, less, greater and equal functions, XOR function, compound function and shift register. At the end of the study, for illustration purposes, the 7-day tea maker, electro-pneumatic drive system and their simulation were developed and tested. Results of experiment show complete coincidence between the PLC-based control and Virtual PLC-based program results. Keywords: Functions, LabVIEW, Ladder diagram, PLC, Simulation INTRODUCTION Today, traditional PLCs are still in use at most plants, but windows-based PCs using the LabVIEW software (Abuzalata et al., 2010; Alia et al., 2011) are increasingly becoming the preferred control mechanism for new installations. PLCs have become a favorite tool in the control industry because of their simplicity, robust I/O interface and reliable performance Bolton (2006, 1999). Traditional PLC systems have proven to be information barriers to enterprise-wide data access. One may add that the inherent proprietary design of PLCs has limited data access for a number of reasons, such as the limited amount of memory, the nature of programming language (Relay Ladder Logic) and the data access, where data inside the PLC is stored in a data table and accessed by data table location. An important feature of PLCs is that a standard PLC executes only a single program at a time, while an industrial computer is capable of executing several programs or tasks simultaneously in any order. Another two important PLC drawbacks may be noted also: The first one is that PLC register access is performed at a surprisingly low level on most PLCs Morris (1982) and Travis and Kring (2006). The second one is that if the ladder logic and the host computer program both write to a PLC register, we have an obvious conflict. Instead, all registers should be one-way, that is, either the PLC writes to them or the host computer program does. In contrast to PLCs, PCs have virtually unlimited memory, compared to traditional PLCs. LabVIEW makes it easy to maintain good architecture in the applications because encapsulation and modularity are easy to implement through the use of sub. VIs. Building on the above mentioned the aim of this study is to illustrate the design of different PLCs functions in order to be used as a practical applications using LabVIEW environment EQUIVALENT PLC/LABVIEW LADDER DIAGRAM In Table 1, the ladder diagram rungs for PLC,Siemens (S7-200) software and their equivalents using LabVIEW from Single Input, Single Output (Relay) as in the example Thomas (2002). THE 7-DAY TEA MAKER Operation of The 7-day tea maker The operation of the tea maker required the following sequences: The time switch closes at the appropriate time in the morning and initiates the cycle. Valve V1 is opened and water fills the kettle K until the float switch FS operates. This switches off valve V1 and switches on heating element E. Water in the kettle boils and operates thermostat TH. This switches off the element E and switches on valve V2. Hot water flows into the teapot and V2 must shut off when the teapot is full. An alarm bell rings to inform the user that the tea is made. The system relies upon the user to replace the teapot, complete with tea, every day and to fill up the tank each week. The sequence listed is a 'program specification'. Inputs and outputs: LabVIEW is to be used instead of PLC to control this system, as it is known that the inputs and outputs for the PLC have to be identified prior to the design of a program. In the tea maker application, what is the input and outputs? Inputs: They are signals/information from sensors, which inform the PLC (LabVIEW program) what happens to the system being controlled. Inputs tell the PLC (LabVIEW program) what is going on, 13 Outputs: They are commands issued by the PLC (LabVIEW program) to carry out a task (normally requiring power). Output devices have to be told when to study; as pumps, solenoid valves, lamps, etc. Output devices: The diagram for the 7-day tea maker in Fig. 1 illustrates the operation of the system. Referring to the tea maker system to identify each element as input or an output device and give it a unique identification as shown in Table 2. The 7-day tea maker program: Since LabVIEW is to be used instead of PLC to control this system and then design the program by the PLC, which is PLC Siemens (S7-200) software, then by LabVIEW software. Legend PLC Siemens (S7-200) LabVIEW 1- Single Input, Single Output (Relay) 2- Two input, single outputs 3- Single onput two outputs 4- Latch output 5- Timer 6- Counter 7- Shift register 8- Equal comparison function 9- Less function 10- Greater or equal function 11- XOR function 14 12- Add function 13- Latch timer and internal relay Table 1: Functions for PLC and their equivalents using LabVIEW Fig. 1: Diagram of the 7-day tea maker Fig. 2: Siemens ladder diagram of the 7-day tea maker Fig. 3: LabVIEW ladder diagram of the 7-day tea maker 19 Fig. 4: LabVIEW simulation of 7-day tea maker Table 2: Inputs/Outputs of the 7-day tea maker The PLC ladder diagram: As shown in Fig. 2, the ladder diagram of the 7-day tea maker program using PLC Siemens (S7-200) software is shown in Fig. 2. The LabVIEW ladder diagram: As shown in Fig. 3 the ladder diagram of the 7-day Tea maker program using is LabVIEW. The 7-day tea maker simulation using LabVIEW: As shown in Fig. 4 the simulation of the 7-day tea maker using LabVIEW software. Table 3: Input/Output of the pneumatic cylinder system Fig. 5: Siemens ladder diagram of the pneumatic cylinder Fig. 6: LabVIEW ladder diagram of the pneumatic cylinder system PNEUMATIC CYLINDER SYSTEM Operation of the pneumatic cylinder: The operation of the pneumatic cylinder valve Alia et al. (2011) requires the following steps: Initialize the operation by the external ON push button or the internal one in the software, the solenoid valve SV is works and moves the cylinder to forward direction. When the cylinder touches the limit switch LS, timer one T1 will be activated. After the time value of T1 is ended, the SV is returns to off state and the solenoid returns to the backward direction. This makes the timer two T2 to turn on, T1 off and the counter C1 increases by one.After the time value of the T2 ends, the SV is activated and the cylinder moves to forward direction again. The sequence is continued until the counter reaches its value, then the operation will be off automatically. The user can switch off the operation at any time by the external off push button or the internal one in the software, also the user can switch on the operation from the external on push button Fig. 7: LabVIEW simulation of the pneumatic cylinder Fig. 8: Optocoupler with phototransistor output Inputs and outputs of the pneumatic cylinder: LabVIEW will be used instead of PLC to control this system. As known, the inputs and outputs for the PLC have to be identified prior to the design of a program. Referring to the pneumatic cylinder system we can identify each element as input or output device and give it a uniqu identification as shown in Table 3. Fig. 9: The hardware circuit of the pneumatic cylinder The pneumatic cylinder program: Since LabVIEW is to be used instead of PLC to control this system, then firstly design the program using the PLC, which is PLC Siemens (S7-200) software as shown in Fig. 5, then using LabVIEW software as shown in Fig. 6. ? PLC ladder diagram of the pneumatic cylinder: ? LabVIEW ladder diagram of the pneumaticcylinder: Figure 6 shows the ladder diagram of the pneumatic cylinder system The pneumatic cylinder simulation using labVIEW: Figure 7 illustrates the simulation of the pneumatic cylinder application using LabVIEW software. The pneumatic cylinder hardware: It contains Multichannel Optocoupler with Phototransistor Output (CNY 4-2), its pin connections shown in Fig. 8- BD 237 npn Transistor-Resistors 920 Ω, 440 KΩ- 2 Push Buttons-LEDs-24 V DC Power Supply-4/2 Solenoid Valve, Double Acting Cylinder, Limit Switch-DAQ board .this study dealt with the following DIO (Digital Input Output) channel in the DAQ board, Table 4, represents these pins. As shown in Fig. 9, the construction of the hardware circuit. The electrical circuit includes two parts; first part is the optocoupler, which isolates the DAQ board from the high currents of the solenoid coil. Digital Channel 5 in the DAQ board activates the optocoupler and its output activates the second part (power transistor). The aim of the second part is to give the suitable current to solenoid (Suitablesignal conditioning). The output of the power transistor activates the solenoid valve (Alia et al., 2011). Table 4: DIO channels CONCLUSION Using LabVIEW environment, thirteen different virtual rungs have been designed and tested. Applying the same approach it is possible to design a complete set of PLC functions in order to realize programmable PC- based virtual PLC. In this case the virtual PLC will gain the advantages of PC-Based control. REFERENCES Abuzalata, M.K., M.A.K. Alia, S. Asad and M. Salahat, 2010. Design of a Virtual PLC using Lab View, Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., 2(3): 283-288. Alia, M.A.K., T. Yunis and M.K. Abuzalata, 2011. Development of equivalent virtual instruments To PLC functions and networks. J. Software Eng.Appl., 4: 172-180. Bolton, W., 1999. Mechatronics Electronic Control System in Mechanical Engineering. 2nd Edn., British Library, Britain. Bolton, W., 2006. Programmable Logic Controllers. 4th Edn., British Library, Britain. 21 Morris, M.M., 1982. Computer System Architecture. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Thomas, L.F., 2002. Digital Fundamental. 6th Edn., Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Travis, J. and J. Kring, 2006. LabVIEW for Everyone: Graphical Programming Made Easy and Fun. 3rd Edn., Prentice Hall, New Jersey. 教師評(píng)語 教師簽名： 20 年 月 日