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1、 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化創(chuàng)新實(shí)踐開發(fā) 中英文對照 Of mechanical engineering and automation innovation practice development in Chinese and English. 引言:工程的本質(zhì)在于創(chuàng)造,工程創(chuàng)造的內(nèi)涵就是科學(xué)知識和技術(shù)的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用。工程正是通過對辯學(xué)知識技術(shù)的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用,創(chuàng)造世界上原先沒有人工產(chǎn)品或系統(tǒng)來滿足社會現(xiàn)實(shí)可能的需要。工程是一種創(chuàng)造力的專業(yè),與社會生活中的其他專業(yè)有著不同的分工,以創(chuàng)造為自己的使命,這正是工程教育的本質(zhì)特征和光榮任務(wù)?，F(xiàn)代工程的定義具有鮮明的時(shí)代特征。2l世紀(jì),世界將進(jìn)入知識

2、經(jīng)濟(jì)的時(shí)代,一切創(chuàng)新都依賴于高素質(zhì)創(chuàng)造型人才,承擔(dān)培養(yǎng)高素質(zhì)創(chuàng)造型人才和發(fā)展科學(xué)文化雙重任務(wù)的高等教育,必將成為國家創(chuàng)新體系的支柱和基礎(chǔ),寓有創(chuàng)造本質(zhì)特征的工程教育應(yīng)當(dāng)更加突出創(chuàng)新意識和創(chuàng)造能力的培養(yǎng)等。 Introduction: the project is the essence of creation, development and application of engineering to create is the connotation of scientific knowledge and technology. The project is through the dev

3、elopment and application of scientific knowledge and technology, to create the world had no artificial product or system to meet the needs of social reality possible. Engineering is a creative professional, have different division of labor and other professional and social life, in order to create f

4、or their mission, this is the essential feature and glorious task of Engineering education. The definition of modern engineering has distinct characteristics of the times. The 2l century, the world will enter the era of knowledge economy, all innovation depends on the high quality and creative talen

5、ts, higher education undertakes training high-caliber dual task of talents and the development of science and culture, will become the pillar and foundation of national innovation system, it is the creation of the character of engineering education should be more outstanding innovation consciousness

6、 and creative ability training etc.. 　　一、機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)開發(fā)研究的意義 A, mechanical engineering and innovation experimental development automation research significance 　　隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化趨勢不斷增強(qiáng),我國市場經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展與完善,對現(xiàn)代工程的概念也產(chǎn)生了一種新的理論,即“工程是關(guān)于科學(xué)知識和技術(shù)的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用,以使在物質(zhì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、人力、政治、法律和文化限制內(nèi)滿足社會需要的一種創(chuàng)造性專業(yè)”。從中我們可以看出,工程的本質(zhì)在于創(chuàng)造,而創(chuàng)造的

7、本質(zhì)就是對科學(xué)知識和技術(shù)的開發(fā)與運(yùn)用。從這個(gè)意義上理解,工程就可以理解為通過科學(xué)知識和技術(shù)的開發(fā)與應(yīng)用,通過創(chuàng)造出當(dāng)前沒有的產(chǎn)品或者是系統(tǒng),以此來滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展的需要。從某種意義上說,工程與其他的專業(yè)有著很大的區(qū)別,最為主要的就是工程專業(yè)可以理解為創(chuàng)造力專業(yè),這也是工程教育的本質(zhì)特征。當(dāng)前,知識經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的到來,使得知識成為了人類社會進(jìn)步的源動(dòng)力,一切的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)和社會活動(dòng)也都要依賴于知識的開發(fā)與運(yùn)用,而高素質(zhì)的創(chuàng)造型人才正是對知識的開發(fā)與運(yùn)用的實(shí)施者,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造型人才也成為了當(dāng)前我國教育事業(yè)的根本任務(wù),對工程教育進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新與改革也是當(dāng)前高等教學(xué)改革的一個(gè)必然方向。 Along with the

8、 trend of the integration of the world economy growing, Chinas market economy development and improvement, the concept of modern engineering has also given rise to a new theory, namely " project is the development and application of scientific knowledge and technology, to meet a creative professiona

9、l social need in material, economic, human, political, legal and cultural constraints ". We can see from the project, the essence lies in the creation, and creation is the essence of the scientific knowledge and the technical development and application. Understood in this sense, the project can be

10、understood as the development and application of scientific knowledge and technology, through the creation of a currently no products or systems, in order to meet the needs of economic and social development. In a sense, the project has the very big difference with other professional, most main is e

11、ngineering can be understood as the creativity of the professional, this is also the essential characteristics of Engineering education. At present, the era of knowledge economy, knowledge has become the source of the progress of human society, the development and utilization of economic and social

12、activities of all also depends on knowledge, and creative talents with high quality is the implementation of the development and application of knowledge, cultivate creative talents has become a fundamental task for the educational undertaking of our country, an inevitable direction of engineering e

13、ducation reform and innovation is the current higher education. 　　二、機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的開發(fā)研究 Development and research of two, mechanical engineering and automation professional comprehensive innovation experiment 　　通過對高校理工科專業(yè)教學(xué)體系的分析可以看出,實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)被安排的位置是在理論教學(xué)之后,其實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就在于為學(xué)生提供應(yīng)用理論知識進(jìn)行實(shí)踐和應(yīng)用的機(jī)會。工程能力也可以稱之為創(chuàng)造

14、能力,這是對于理工科學(xué)生基本的素質(zhì)要求之一,因此可以說,創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的開發(fā)和研究,是為學(xué)生提供應(yīng)用理論進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造的平臺,也是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生工程素質(zhì)和創(chuàng)新能力的主要途徑。綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的開發(fā)與研究是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的、系統(tǒng)的工程,需要以現(xiàn)代教育思想作為根本的指導(dǎo)思想,科學(xué)的處理實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)與理論教學(xué)的關(guān)系。筆者認(rèn)為,綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)專業(yè)特點(diǎn),同時(shí)結(jié)合學(xué)校教學(xué)的實(shí)際情況土工格柵,在現(xiàn)有的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行改進(jìn)和研發(fā),而不需要投入大量的資金進(jìn)行新設(shè)備的購置,通過對現(xiàn)有的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備進(jìn)行優(yōu)化和整合,引入計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和智能化技術(shù),則能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的整體優(yōu)化,達(dá)到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新能力和實(shí)踐能力的目標(biāo)。綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的教學(xué)目

15、的很明確,就是為了給學(xué)生提供一個(gè)工程應(yīng)用教學(xué)環(huán)境,使學(xué)生通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來加強(qiáng)對理論知識的理解和掌握,并且學(xué)會用知識分析問題和解決問題,進(jìn)而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合能力。實(shí)施綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)通常是在理論課教學(xué)結(jié)束之后,綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)打破了學(xué)科之間的界限,其實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容的設(shè)計(jì)以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力作為指導(dǎo)思想。學(xué)生在完成一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程中塑料土工格柵,要對各種實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)備進(jìn)行熟練的掌握,也需要借助多個(gè)學(xué)科知識的綜合運(yùn)用,才能夠完成實(shí)驗(yàn)。 Through the analysis of science and engineering teaching system in the colleges and universiti

16、es can be seen, experiment teaching arrangement position is in the theoretical teaching, the experiment aims to provide the application of theoretical knowledge for students to practice and apply the opportunity. Engineering capability can also be referred to as the creative ability, this is for sci

17、ence and engineering students the basic quality requirements, it can be said that, the research and development of innovative experimental teaching, is to provide the application of the theory of creative platform for students, is also the main way to cultivate students engineering quality and innov

18、ative ability. The research and development of comprehensive innovation experiment is a complex and systematic project, need to modern education thought as the fundamental guiding ideology, dealing with the relationship between the experimental teaching and theoretical teaching of science. The autho

19、r thinks, comprehensive innovation experiment should be based on professional characteristics, combined with the actual situation of school teaching, based on experimental equipment on existing, improvement and development, without the need to invest a lot of money for the acquisition of new equipme

20、nt, through the optimization and integration of the existing experiment equipment, the introduction of computer technology and intelligent technology, is able to achieve global optimization of comprehensive innovation experiment, to cultivate students innovation ability and practice ability goals. C

21、omprehensive innovation experiment teaching purpose is very clear, is to provide students with an engineering application of teaching environment, make the students through the experiment to understand and master the theoretical knowledge, and learn to solve problems by analyzing problems and use kn

22、owledge, and to cultivate the comprehensive ability of students. The implementation of comprehensive innovation experiment is usually at the end of theory teaching, comprehensive innovation experiment to break the boundaries between disciplines, design of the experimental content to cultivate studen

23、ts innovation ability as the guiding ideology. Students in the process of completing an innovative experiment, equipment of various tests are skilled, also need the help of a plurality of the integrated use of multi-disciplinary knowledge, to complete the experiment. 　　機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)Ι Mechanica

24、l engineering and automation professional comprehensive innovation experiment II 　　1、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備:細(xì)紗機(jī),計(jì)算機(jī),測試系統(tǒng),機(jī)構(gòu)測繪工具。 1, the experimental equipment: spinning machine, computer, test system, mechanism of Surveying and mapping tools. 　　2、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容:(1)測繪細(xì)紗機(jī)鋼領(lǐng)板運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu);(2)應(yīng)用測試系統(tǒng)檢測鋼領(lǐng)板運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律;(3)根據(jù)檢測的鋼領(lǐng)板運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,反求設(shè)計(jì)控制凸輪機(jī)構(gòu);(

25、4)對細(xì)紗機(jī)鋼領(lǐng)板運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行綜合分析,提出新的設(shè)計(jì)方案;(5)在計(jì)算機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)新設(shè)計(jì)方案的仿真設(shè)計(jì)或者虛擬設(shè)計(jì)。 2, the experiment content: ( 1 ) mapping spinning frame ring plate motion mechanism; ( 2 ) application of test system for detecting steel collar plate movement; ( 3 ) according to the plate motion detection of the steel collar, reverse design

26、 control cam mechanism; ( 4 ) to conduct a comprehensive analysis of plate motion mechanism leading to the spinning machine steel, put forward a new design; ( 5 ) to realize the simulation design of new design or virtual design on the computer. 　　機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)Ⅱ Mechanical engineering and autom

27、ation specialty comprehensive innovation experiment 　　1、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備:機(jī)器動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺,計(jì)算機(jī),測試系統(tǒng)。 1, the experimental equipment: machine dynamics laboratory bench, computer, test system. 　　2、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容:(1)應(yīng)用測試系統(tǒng)檢測機(jī)器動(dòng)力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺,當(dāng)載荷一定時(shí),在安裝飛輪和不安裝輪飛兩種狀態(tài)下主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的變化情況鋼塑格柵;(2)建立實(shí)驗(yàn)臺等效主軸的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程,分析飛輪的調(diào)速作用;(3)按新給定的主軸運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不均勻系數(shù)反求設(shè)計(jì)飛輪;(4)在計(jì)算機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)

28、不同主軸運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不均勻系數(shù)條件下飛輪的仿真設(shè)計(jì)玻纖格柵或者虛擬設(shè)計(jì)。 2, the experiment content: ( 1 ) application of test system testing machine dynamics experiment, when the load is certain, in installing flywheel and do not install the wheel to fly two condition of spindle speed; ( 2 ) the motion equation of the experimental bench

29、equivalent spindle, analysis speed flywheel used; (3 ) according to the spindle running the new given non-uniform coefficient inverse design of flywheel; ( 4 ) to realize the simulation design of different spindle operation under the condition of uneven coefficient of flywheel or virtual design on t

30、he computer. 　　機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)Ⅲ Mechanical engineering and automation professional comprehensive innovation experiment III 　　1、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備:1511織布機(jī),計(jì)算機(jī),測試系統(tǒng),機(jī)構(gòu)測繪工具。 1, the experimental equipment: 1511 weaving machine, computer, test system, mechanism of Surveying and mapping tools. 　　2、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容:(1)測繪1511

31、織布機(jī)打緯機(jī)構(gòu)和棕框機(jī)構(gòu)的機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)簡圖;(2)應(yīng)用測試系統(tǒng)檢測檢驗(yàn)棕框機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律;(3)根據(jù)檢測的棕框機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,反求設(shè)計(jì)棕框共軛凸輪機(jī)構(gòu);(4)對1511織布機(jī)打緯機(jī)構(gòu)和棕框機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行綜合分析,提出新的設(shè)計(jì)方案;(5)在計(jì)算機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)新設(shè)計(jì)方案的仿真設(shè)計(jì)或者虛擬設(shè)計(jì)。 2, the experiment content: ( 1 ) the kinematic mechanism and brown box body mapping 1511 loom; ( 2 ) application of test system test heald frame motion law; ( 3

32、 ) according to the detection of heald frame motion law, the reverse design of heald frame of conjugate cam mechanism; ( 4 ) comprehensive analysis beating-up mechanism and brown box of 1511 loom movement, put forward a new design; ( 5 ) to realize the simulation design of new design or virtual desi

33、gn on the computer. 　　三、“機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)"的實(shí)施 Three, " mechanical engineering and automation of the implementation of " comprehensive innovation experiment 　　系列“機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)”一般安排與課程設(shè)計(jì)同步進(jìn)行。學(xué)生在指導(dǎo)教師的指導(dǎo)下完成基本實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容,然后獨(dú)立完成計(jì)算分析、創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)以及在計(jì)算機(jī)上實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)方案的仿真設(shè)計(jì)或虛擬設(shè)計(jì)等項(xiàng)內(nèi)容,最后寫出實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告。系列“機(jī)械工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)”不僅重視學(xué)生動(dòng)手

34、能力的培養(yǎng),更重要的是加強(qiáng)了學(xué)生綜合應(yīng)用所學(xué)知識分析問題、解決問題和創(chuàng)新思維能力的培養(yǎng)。系列“機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專業(yè)綜合創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)”是按照學(xué)生掌握知識由淺人深,認(rèn)識問題由感性認(rèn)識到理性認(rèn)識過程設(shè)計(jì)的,它重視了學(xué)生綜合創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng),形成了鮮明的特色。 Series of " mechanical engineering and automation professional comprehensive innovation experiment " general arrangements and course design of synchronization. Students comple

35、te the basic content of experiment in the guide under the guidance of teachers, and independent analysis, design and implementation of innovation innovation design simulation or virtual design contents in the computer, finally write the experiment report. Training series " mechanical engineering and

36、 automation professional comprehensive innovation experiment " not only pay attention to the students practical ability, more important is to strengthen the training of comprehensive application of the students knowledge of problem analysis, problem solving and creative thinking ability. " Series of

37、 mechanical engineering and automation professional comprehensive innovation experiment " is in accordance with the students to acquire knowledge from shallow to deep understanding of people, from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge process design, it attaches great importance to the cultivat

38、ion of students innovation ability, and formed a distinct characteristics. 　　明確培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)制定具有工程特色的教學(xué)計(jì)劃。隨著科技進(jìn)步,以計(jì)算機(jī)信息技術(shù)為標(biāo)志的高新技術(shù)在機(jī)械制造領(lǐng)域的滲透、融合、應(yīng)用,使得機(jī)械工程學(xué)科本身的內(nèi)涵、外延同傳統(tǒng)的觀念相比有了質(zhì)的變化,企業(yè)要求該專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生不僅具備機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化方面的基礎(chǔ)理論知識和應(yīng)用能力,還應(yīng)具備在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)第一線從事機(jī)械制造領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的科技開發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)制造、應(yīng)用研究、運(yùn)行管理和經(jīng)營銷售的能力,為了適應(yīng)社會需求,就應(yīng)在現(xiàn)代教育思想、教育理念的指導(dǎo)下,以培養(yǎng)具有工程素質(zhì)的應(yīng)用

39、人才為目標(biāo),構(gòu)建起新時(shí)期對該專業(yè)人才要求相適應(yīng)的、與現(xiàn)代高新技術(shù)相融合的、與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境和資源條件相協(xié)調(diào)的教學(xué)計(jì)劃體系,按照公共教育、專業(yè)教育、實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練的培養(yǎng)策略,突出工程特色,既要有共性要求,又兼顧個(gè)性培養(yǎng)。公共教育部分要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的人文素質(zhì), 人文與社會科學(xué)與自然科學(xué)從來就不是分割的, 很多科學(xué)技術(shù)中的突破來自于人文知識的靈感, 創(chuàng)新思維和創(chuàng)新精神的培養(yǎng),也絕不是單純的專業(yè)知識教育問題,通過對學(xué)生寬廣的通識基礎(chǔ)和深厚的自然科學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)的塑造,輔以工程哲學(xué)的教育,可以為工程素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)奠定良好的基礎(chǔ)。專業(yè)教育部分要系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程和核心課程,重視堅(jiān)實(shí)的專業(yè)技能的培養(yǎng),培養(yǎng)工程師的基本素質(zhì)。

40、在條件允許的情況下,可以為學(xué)生提供專業(yè)技能認(rèn)證課程。實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練部分則著重進(jìn)行上手快、后勁足的實(shí)踐能力與創(chuàng)新能力的訓(xùn)練,任何一個(gè)學(xué)年均有不同的實(shí)踐教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié),保證工程實(shí)踐訓(xùn)練4年不斷線,倡導(dǎo)以科研項(xiàng)目、工程現(xiàn)場、實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究為背景,進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)手實(shí)踐能力和創(chuàng)新能力培養(yǎng)。除了上述共性教育,還要對學(xué)生進(jìn)行個(gè)性培養(yǎng),如鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生參加輔修專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí),選修感興趣的其他專業(yè),通過學(xué)習(xí),擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的知識面,以此加強(qiáng)跨專業(yè)、跨學(xué)科的復(fù)合型工程人才的培養(yǎng)。 Clear training objectives with the engineering characteristics of the teaching plan

41、. With the progress of science and technology, permeability, and high technology with computer information technology as the symbol in the field of mechanical manufacture, application integration, the connotation, the extension of the mechanical engineering discipline itself has been a qualitative c

42、hange compared with the traditional ideas, enterprises require the graduates not only with preparation of mechanical engineering and automation of the basic theoretical knowledge and application ability, also should have in the industrial production of the first line in the in the field of mechanica

43、l manufacturing technology development, design and manufacture, application research, operation management and sales ability, in order to meet the needs of the society, it should be in the modern education idea, under the guidance of the concept, the application in order to train the talents with en

44、gineering quality as the goal, construction the new era requires the professionals to adapt, combine with the modern high-tech, and economic development environment and Resources Coordination teaching plan system, in accordance with the training strategy of public education, professional education,

45、practice training, outstanding engineering characteristics, not only have the common requirements, but also take into account the cultivation of personality. Public education to cultivate students good humanistic quality, humanistic and social science and natural science has never been separated, ma

46、ny science and technology breakthrough from humanities knowledge inspiration, cultivate innovative thinking and innovative spirit, also is not only professional knowledge education, through the shaping of students a broad general basis and deep natural science theory, education and philosophy of eng

47、ineering, which can lay a good foundation for the cultivation of Engineering quality. Professional education should learn specialized foundation curriculum and core curriculum, pay attention to the training of professional skills, training of basic quality engineer. In the conditions allow, can prov

48、ide professional skills to students certification course. Practice part focuses on practical ability and innovative ability of quick, plenty of stamina training, every year there are different practice teaching link, ensure the engineering practice training for 4 years continuously, advocating scien

49、tific research project, the project site, the laboratory as the background, the system of practice ability and innovation ability training. In addition to the general education, but also for students of personality, such as encouraging students to participate in professional learning, other professional, elective interest through learning, enlarge students knowledge, in order to strengthen the cultivation of composite engineering talent multi-disciplinary, interdisciplinary.