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1、會計學1制藥工程制藥工程 專業(yè)英語專業(yè)英語 Unit 11膠囊乳劑糖漿片劑混懸劑軟膏霜劑酒劑第1頁/共9頁The parenteral route of administration is important in treating medical emergencies （in which a subject is comatose or cannot swallow）, and in providing various types of maintenance therapy for hospitalized patients. 第2頁/共9頁If patient self-adminis

2、tration cannot be achieved, the sales of the drug constitute only a small fraction of what the market would be otherwise. 第3頁/共9頁 The reasons for this preference are as follows. Tablets and capsules represent unit dosage forms in which one usual dose of the drug has been accurately placed. By compar

3、ison, liquid oral dosage forms, such as syrups, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, and elixirs, are usually designed to contain one dose of medication in 5 to 30 ml. 第4頁/共9頁 The objective of the design and manufacture of the compressed tablet is to deliver orally the correct amount of drug in the pr

4、oper form at or over the proper time and in the desired location, and to have its chemical integrity protected to that point. Aside from the physical and chemical properties of the medicinal agent(s) to be formulated into a tablet, the actual physical design, manufacturing process, and complete chem

5、ical makeup of the tablet can have a profound effect on the efficacy of the drug(s) being administered.第5頁/共9頁 A tablet (1) should be an elegant product having its own identity while being free of defects such as chips, cracks, discoloration, contamination, and the like; (2) should have the strength

6、 to withstand the rigors of mechanical shocks encountered in its production, packaging, shipping, and dispensing; and (3) should have the chemical and physical stability to maintain its physical attribute over time. 第6頁/共9頁 Pharmaceutical scientists now understand that various physical properties of tablets can undergo change under environmental or stress conditions, and that physical stability, through its effect on bioavailability in particular, can be of more significance and concern in some tablet systems than chemical stability.第7頁/共9頁9第8頁/共9頁