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1、 Unit 5 The Power of Nature Section IV Grammar 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：總結(jié)不定式的用法。 學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：熟記各種用法，并能正確完成練習(xí)題。 學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)：不定式的完成式及被動(dòng)式。 學(xué)習(xí)過程 生命課堂—互動(dòng)探究 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)—預(yù)習(xí)探究 【觀察】 不定式 （原形動(dòng)詞前加to, 構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式。不定式不做謂語(yǔ)，屬于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞） 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí) 態(tài) 構(gòu) 成 一 般 式 to do 完 成 式 to have done 進(jìn) 行 式 to be

2、doing 一般式：不定式所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在。但多數(shù)情況下是在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。 They often watch us play football. (同時(shí)) She hopes to go there again. (之后發(fā)生) 完成式：不定式所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。 I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chine

3、se. 注：用在intended, expected, meant, hoped，promised, wanted, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等后，表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，期待或計(jì)劃等，也用來表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport, but he didn’t get there in time. 他原想去機(jī)場(chǎng)接你，但他沒及時(shí)趕到那兒。（沒接成） We planned to ha

4、ve done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month. 我們?cè)?jì)劃上個(gè)月為貧困的人們做些好事。（沒做成）。 進(jìn)行式：當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 They seemed to be talking about you. He pretended to be sleeping. 注：不定式的進(jìn)行式可表示將來。 He is believed to be coming 不定式的進(jìn)行式還可表示逐漸地變化 T

5、he weather seems to be improving 不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被 動(dòng) 語(yǔ) 態(tài) 構(gòu) 成 一 般 式 to be done 完 成 式 to have been done ▲在下列情況下要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) （1） 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示動(dòng)作的承受者。 She is glad to be taken to the Great Wall. (2) 當(dāng)不定式所修飾的名詞是此不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)且句中又沒有它的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)。 He wanted the letter to be typed at once. (3)

6、 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，且不定式本身又帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)， She is too nervous to be told such a bad news. I’m glad to be given a gold ring. (4) 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)指同一人或物，不定式修飾這個(gè)表語(yǔ)名詞，且與這個(gè)名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。 He is a man to be trusted (5) 不定式做定語(yǔ)，且與所修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)。 The plan to be made is a five-year plan. ▲ 不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。 （1） 當(dāng)不定式與最近的名詞（代

7、詞）有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與句中另一個(gè)名詞（代詞）有主謂關(guān)系。 He has nothing to eat I’ll give you a book to read （2） 當(dāng)不定式在“主+表（形容詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)中做狀語(yǔ)，且句中主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 The text is easy to recite. (3) 當(dāng)不定式修飾there be /here be 引導(dǎo)的句子中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)。 There are two tractors to repair. Here is a baby to take care of. 注：在there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說話

8、人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須被完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。 There is a lot of work to do. ( Someone has to do the work) There is a lot of work to be done. ( The work has to be done) (4) to let, to blame 則只用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The house is to let I’m to blame 【活用】Who is ______(blame) for the brok

9、en computer? 補(bǔ)充練習(xí)：?jiǎn)尉湔Z(yǔ)法填空 1．The heavy snow made ________ difficult for them to drive on. 2．He is proud ________ his mother. All ________ all, he thinks highly of her. 3．I had difficulty ________ (handle) the problem. 4．He is out ________ breath while climbing the stairs. 5．I was too weak ____

10、____(support) myself. 6．I don't know how to adapt ________ the new environment. 7．__________ spite of the heavy rain, he went to school as usual. 8．Don't make fun ________ her. ________ other words, you should respect her. 9．This film is well worth ________ (see)． 10．Tom, as well as his parents

11、, ________(go) camping next Sunday. 11．The cinema is ________ (access) to the disabled. 12．It is ________ (hand) to live near the working place. 13．My grandfather had trouble ________ (hear)． 14．If it is ________ (convenience) to you, I will call on you tomorrow. 15．She asked for her parents' _

12、_______(approve) before applying for the job. 16．He often gives ________ (assist) to the people in need. 17．At the ________ (graduate) ceremony, he delivered a speech. 18．The pleasant climate is ________ (comfort) to live. 19．Her ________ (suggest) are practical. 20．I want to express my sincere ________ (congratulate) on your success. Unit 5 The Power of Nature Section IV Grammar 【活用】1. living in such a competitive world; Knowing that you have your own ideas 2. Not having received the admission notice; Having been discouraged so many times 【高考鏈接】1-4 BCAC 4