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1、中考英語語法考點(diǎn)縱覽 3——形容詞和副詞 一、 形容詞、副詞概述 1、形容詞定義： 形容詞(adjective)，簡(jiǎn)稱adj， 用來修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 2、副詞定義 ： 副詞(adverb)，簡(jiǎn)稱adv，用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，表示時(shí)間、頻率、范圍、語氣、程度等。 二、形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)縱覽 考點(diǎn)一： 形容詞的功能及位置 考點(diǎn)1：形容詞作定語。 形容詞作定語，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。 He lives in a beautiful house. 他住在一座漂亮的房子里。 There is noth

2、ing important in today’s news. 今天報(bào)紙上沒有什么重要內(nèi)容。 典型例題 1 It is a kind of ________ (health) food. 答案： healthy（health的形容詞是healthy，這里用形容詞修飾名詞food。） 典型例題 2 Do you know ________ in this field? A. anybody famous B. famous anybody C. somebody famous D. famous somebody 答案：A（一般疑問

3、句用anybody，而且形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，要后置。） 典型例題 3 We all like Julia, because she is a ________ girl. A. alike B. lovely C. awake D. well 答案：B（a lovely girl表示“一個(gè)可愛的女孩”） 考點(diǎn)2：形容詞作表語。 ① 形容詞作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞（be, feel, look, smell, taste, sound, get, become, keep, turn, seem等）之后。 Everything will be all ri

4、ght. 一切都會(huì)好的。 After a long walk, I felt tired. 走了很遠(yuǎn)的一段路后我累了。 ② 表語形容詞只能做表語或后置定語，這類詞多半是以a-開頭的形容詞。 alone 單獨(dú)的 asleep 熟睡的 awake 醒著的 alike 相似的 afraid 害怕的 alive 活著的 She was alone at home. 她獨(dú)自一人在家。 I was awake all night. 我整個(gè)晚上都沒合眼。 The girl awake is his younger sister. 那個(gè)醒著的女孩是他的妹

5、妹。 典型例題 1 ---What do you think of the cake? ---It tastes ________. A. good B. badly C. well D. terribly 答案：A（taste是系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容詞作表語，三個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有g(shù)ood是形容詞） 典型例題 2 The________ girl was smiling. She looked very _______. A. asleep, happy B. slept, sad C. sleeping, happy D. sleep, angrily 答案：C（這里

6、表示“熟睡的女孩正在笑，她看起來非常開心”） 典型例題 3 We should keep ______ in the reading room. A. quite B. quietly C. quiet D. quickly 答案：C（keep quiet表示“保持安靜”） 考點(diǎn)3：形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 形容詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，放在賓語之后，常與make, leave, keep, find等動(dòng)詞連用。 He keeps the classroom clean every day. 他們每天保持教室干凈。 People usually keep the v

7、egetables fresh in the fridge. 人們常把蔬菜放在冰箱里保鮮。 典型例題 1 It is good to leave the door ______ when it is very cold. A. open B. opened C. close D. closed 答案：D（close的形容詞是closed，這里表示“最好讓門處于關(guān)著的狀態(tài)”） 典型例題 2 We all love Miss Yang. She always makes her history class very ______. A. interest B. inte

8、rests C. interesting D. interested 答案：C（interesting表示歷史課有趣，與物連用用interesting，與人連用用interested） 典型例題 3 I found the door _______ when I got home. A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open 答案：D（open的形容詞還是open，這里用來作賓語補(bǔ)足語） 考點(diǎn)4：形容詞的名詞化。 “the+形容詞”具有名詞特征，表示一類人或事物。如the old (dead, r

9、ich, poor, sick, beautiful, new...) ① 當(dāng)表示一類人或事物作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The blind are taken good care of in our country. 在我們國家盲人受到很好的照顧。 ② 當(dāng)表示抽象概念時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。 The beautiful is not always the useful. 美麗的并不總是有用的。 考點(diǎn)5：形容詞的先后順序。 如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí), 形容詞的先后順序由它們和被修飾的名詞之間的密切程度而定, 越密切的形容詞越靠近名詞。如果幾個(gè)形容詞的密切程度差

10、不多則按音節(jié)少的形容詞放在前面, 音節(jié)多的形容詞放在后面。為方便記憶，可記住一句話：美小圓舊黃，法國木書房。 限定詞 數(shù)詞 性狀形容詞 冠詞 指示代詞 物主代詞 序 數(shù) 詞 基數(shù)詞 描繪性形容詞 形狀 大小 長短 高低 年齡 新舊 溫度 顏色 國籍地區(qū)出處 材料物質(zhì) 目的用途 a(n) the this my first second third one two good kind sick rude nice little big large long round old new hot c

11、old red black British Chinese Asian eastern stone silk writing medical 典型例題 1 John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ____ car. A. large German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 答案：B（按照“大小+顏色+國際”的順序） 典型例題 2 There are dinner

12、 tables on display in the hall. A. two big round new Chinese wooden B. two Chinese big round new wooden C. big round new Chinese two wooden D. big round new two wooden Chinese 答案：A （按照“限定詞+大小+形狀+新老+國際+材料”的順序） 典型例題 3 Mr. Brown has car. A. a beautiful new American B. a new A

13、merican beautiful C. a new beautiful American D. an American beautiful new 答案：A（按照“限定詞+描繪+新舊+國際”的順序） 考點(diǎn)二： 副詞的功能及位置 考點(diǎn)1：副詞的分類及位置。 表示類別 例句 時(shí)間 now, then, before, ago, early, lately, late, yesterday… 地點(diǎn) here, there, above, below, down, up, downstairs, upstairs… 程度 very, muc

14、h, so, too, quite, fairly, rather… 頻率 always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, hardly, never… 方式 fast, quickly, slowly, happily, quietly… 評(píng)注 honestly, maybe, generally… 舉例 for example, such as... 疑問 when, where, why, how 聯(lián)系 therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, stil

15、l… 位置： 1.一般副詞做狀語時(shí)放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后，如謂語動(dòng)詞后帶有賓語，放在賓語后。 2.頻率副詞放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。 3.某些邏輯連接副詞，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)上下句銜接，放在句子前。 4.enough 修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)，要放在所修飾詞之后。 典型例句 They are laughing happily. 他們?cè)诟吲d地大笑。 She is never late for school. 她上學(xué)從不遲到。 We often go out for a walk after supper. 晚飯后我們常常去散步。 He got up early eno

16、ugh to catch the bus. 他起得足夠早，可以趕上公交車。 考點(diǎn)三： 形容詞副詞 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí) 考點(diǎn)1：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則。 （1） 規(guī)則變化 構(gòu)成法 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) 單音節(jié)詞+er/est short shorter shortest cold colder coldest 以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的詞+r/st wide wider widest large larger largest 單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫末尾輔音字母+er/est big bigger bi

17、ggest hot hotter hottest 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i+er/est heavy heavier heaviest busy busier busiest 多音節(jié)詞在前面+more/most important more important most important beautiful more beautiful most beautiful (2) 不規(guī)則變化 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst old olde

18、r/elder oldest/eldest many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 典型例題 1 I wish you do talking and some more work. Actions speak louder than words. A. less B. much C. more D. little 答案：A（這里表示“說的少、做的多”，所以用less來修飾talk） 典型例題 2

19、There are people in China than in India. That means the population of China is than that of India. A. much; smaller B. more; large C. bigger; more D. more; larger 答案：D（這兩空都用比較級(jí)more和larger，因?yàn)楹竺娑加衪han） 典型例題 3 We have sent some books to the children in that village. However, th

20、ey still need (many). 答案：more（根據(jù)句意，表示“還需要更多的書”，所以用比較級(jí)more） 考點(diǎn)2：形容詞、副詞原級(jí)用法。 ① 表示二者在性質(zhì)和程度上相同時(shí)，用“as + adj./adv.原級(jí) + as”結(jié)構(gòu)。 He runs as fast as you. 他跑的和你一樣快。 Nothing can be so simple as this. 再?zèng)]有比這更簡(jiǎn)單的了。 ② 表示“不如”或“不相等”，用“not as/so + adj./adv.原級(jí) + as”或“l(fā)ess + adj./adv.原級(jí) + than”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Thi

21、s picture is not so good as that one.這幅畫沒有那幅畫好。 He doesn’t write as carefully as his sister. 他寫字不如她妹妹細(xì)心。 ③ 表示“A是B的…倍”時(shí)，用“A + is + 倍數(shù) + as + adj./adv.原級(jí) + as +B”結(jié)構(gòu)。（一半half；兩倍twice；三倍及以上：基數(shù)詞+times）。 Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我們學(xué)校是他們學(xué)校兩倍大。 典型例題 1 He speaks English well indee

22、d, but of course not ________ a native speaker. A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 答案：C（這里用not so fluently as表示“沒有當(dāng)?shù)厝肆骼保? 典型例題 2 We have planted ________ as ________ trees as they have. A. two times; much

23、 B. two times; more C. twice; many D. twice; more 答案：C（twice as many trees as表示“兩倍多的樹”） 考點(diǎn)3：形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)用法。 ① 比較級(jí)用于兩者進(jìn)行比較，結(jié)構(gòu)為“A is 比較級(jí) than B”。 My bike is more beautiful than hers. 我的自行車比她的漂亮。 He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。 ② 表示兩者之間選擇，用“which/w

24、ho is 比較級(jí)，A or B？”表示兩者之間比較，用“the + 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪個(gè)離太陽更近，月球還是地球？ He is the thinner of the two. 他是兩人中較瘦的那個(gè)。 ③ “越來越……”用“比較級(jí)and 比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“more and more 原級(jí)”。 The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天氣變得越來越冷了。 She is becoming more and more bea

25、utiful. 她變得越來越美了。 ④ 表示“越……越……”時(shí)，用“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越細(xì)心，得分越多。 典型例題 1 Of the two sisters, Betty is ________ one, and she is also the one who loves to be quiet. A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest 答案：C（

26、表示兩者中較……之一時(shí)，比較級(jí)前面要用定冠詞the） 典型例題 2 It’s believed that ________ you work, ________ result you’ll get. A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the more better C. the harder; a better D. more hard; more better 答案：A（這里表示“你工作的越努力、結(jié)果越好”） 典型例題 3 Your story is per

27、fect; I’ve never heard ________ before. A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one 答案：C（這里表示“我沒有聽過比這更好的故事了”） 考點(diǎn)4：形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)用法。 ① 表示三者及以上人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用最高級(jí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“the + 最高級(jí)+in/of + 范圍”。 The picture is the best of all. 這幅畫是所有畫中最好的。 She i

28、s the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。 She is my best friend. 她是我最好的朋友。 ② 表示在三者及以上之間選擇，用“which/who is the 最高級(jí)，A, B or C？”。 Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 湯姆、凱特、比爾，誰最高？ ③“最……之一”用“one of the最高級(jí)+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我們學(xué)校最受歡迎的老師之一。

29、 ④ 形容詞最高級(jí)前面加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最……”。 She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。 典型例題 1 He is taller than any other boy in our class. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) 答案：He is the tallest boy in our class. 典型例題 2 Which is , Ann, Susie or Tina? A. the shorter B. the shortest C. the most shortest D. s

30、hort 答案：B（三者之間進(jìn)行比較，用最高級(jí)） 典型例題 3 She is one of in our class. A. a good student B. the best student C. best students D. the best students 答案：D（“one of the最高級(jí)+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最……之一”） 三、鞏固訓(xùn)練 (2012●常州市)1. --- Tom, what do you think of the school? --- Oh, no other school is in the ci

31、ty. It's one. A. better; a better B. the best; the best C. better; the best D. the best; a better (2016●常州市)2. ---Do you enjoy yourself at the concert? ---Yes. I have never been to _______one before. A. a better B. the best C. a w

32、orse D. the worse (2016●常州市)3.The coach thinks______of Mary's sports talents, for she jumped very______at the sports meeting. A. high;high B. highly;highly C. high;highly D. highly;high (2014●淮安市)4. Mum likes making pictures and the pies she cooks always taste _______. A. good B. wel

33、l C. bad D. badly (2015●連云港市)5. ---The Internet service fees are too high, and the speed is too slow. ---That's why Premier Li Keqiang asks operators(運(yùn)營商）to provide Internet. A. many cheaper and quicker B. very cheaper and quicker C. more cheaper and quicker

34、 D. much cheaper and quicker (2014●南京市)6. ---Do you enjoy Han Lei's songs? ---Yes. He is the winner of I'm Singer II. I can't think of anyone with a ______ voice. A. better B. best C. more D. most (2012●南通市)7. Bob often says that swimming is _____________ than hik

35、ing in reducing weight, but he always spends more time on swimming. A. less useful B. less interesting C. more useful D. more interesting (2015●南通市)8.---I hear it's not easy to get a ticket for Fast & Furious 7. ---Exactly.The film is the one th

36、is year. A.less exciting B.more exciting C.most exciting D.least exciting (2016●南通市)9.---What about yesterday's dragon dance? ---Oh,it's one I've ever seen. A.a most wonderful B.more wonderful C.the most wonderful D.a more wonderful (2011●蘇州市)10. If you don't work

37、_______ enough, I don't think your dream will come_______. A. hardly; truly B. hardly; true C. hard; true D. hard; truly (2012●蘇州市)11.I had to call a taxi because the box was_________than I'd expected. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest (2013●蘇州市) 12.Peter

38、speaks Chinese well indeed,but of Course not ______a local speaker in China. A.so fluently as B.more fluent than C.as fluent as D.much fluently than (2014●蘇州市) 13.---The picture is, I have to say, not a bit beautiful. ---Why? It's________than the pictures I

39、 have ever seen. A. far more beautiful B.much less beautiful C. no more beautiful D.any less beautiful (2016●蘇州市)14. --- Playing video games is a waste of time . --- I can't agree more . There are meaningful things to do . A. the most B. the least C. more D.

40、 less (2013?無錫市)15. ---What do you think of his new design? ---It's of even__________practical value than the old one. He's just a bookworm! A. greater B. great C. less D. little (2015?無錫市)16.---The stuntman is planning to walk on the wings of a flying plane. ---What? I've never he

41、ard of idea before. A. a crazier B. the crazier C. a craziest D. the craziest (2011?宿遷市)17. Paul isn't as _______ as Sandy. He often makes mistakes in his homework. A. careless B. more careful C. more careless D. careful (2012?宿遷市)18. The meat smells _______. Throw it

42、 away. A. well B. good C. badly D. bad (2015?宿遷市)19. The model Sydney Opera House looks _____________ the real one in Australia. A. as wonderful as B. as wonderfully as C. so wonderful as D. so wonderfully as (2012?鎮(zhèn)江市)20. He speaks French well, but of course not ________

43、a person born in France. 　　A. as clear as?????? B. clearer than??????? C. as clearly as?????? D. the more clearly 答案解析 1.選C。這里表示“在這個(gè)城市沒有其它學(xué)校比這個(gè)學(xué)校更好的了，它是這個(gè)城市最好的城市”。 2.選A。此題表示“我從來沒去過比這更好的音樂會(huì)了”。 3.選D。第一空think highly of表示“高度評(píng)價(jià)”，第二空表示“跳的非常高”，highly和high都是副詞，前者表示抽象含義，后者表示具體含義。 4.選A。taste是系動(dòng)

44、詞，后面接形容詞作表語，這里表示“嘗起來好吃”，所以用good。 5.選D。much cheaper and quicker表示“更便宜、更快捷”，much用來修飾比較級(jí)。 14.選C。此題表示“有很多更有意義的事情可以做”。 15.選A。這里表示“更有實(shí)際價(jià)值”，所以用比較級(jí)greater。 16.選C。這里表示“我從來沒想過比這更瘋狂的想法了”，所以用a crazier idea。 17.選D。as...as中間用原級(jí)，這里表示“Paul沒有Sandy認(rèn)真”，所以用careful。 18.選D。這里表示“肉聞起來壞了、扔了吧”，所以用bad。 19.選A。這里的look是系動(dòng)詞，所以后面用形容詞wonderful，排除B和D選項(xiàng)，so wonderful as只能用于否定比較中，所以只能用as wonderdul as。 20.選C。這里表示“沒有法國當(dāng)?shù)厝四莻€(gè)清楚?！?