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畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）任務(wù)書
I、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)題目：
螺母盒零件沖壓工藝與沖模設(shè)計
II、畢 業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)使用的原始資料(數(shù)據(jù))及設(shè)計技術(shù)要求：
1. 螺母盒零件圖
2.生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)：中等批量
3.要求完成零件的沖壓工藝分析和沖壓工藝規(guī)程的編制。
1) 分析沖件成形工藝及坯料展開
2）編制螺母盒零件沖壓工藝
3）完成螺母盒沖裁模設(shè)計
III、畢 業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)工作內(nèi)容及完成時間：
1. 查閱相關(guān)資料，外文資料翻譯（6000字符以上），撰寫開題報告。
第1周—第2周
3.繪制螺母盒沖件圖，分析沖件成形工藝及坯料展開 第3周—第6周
4.編制螺母盒沖壓成形工藝規(guī)程； 第7周—第8周
5.繪制螺母盒沖裁?？傃b圖及零件圖； 第9周—第13周
6.撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書（論文） 第14周—第16周
7.畢業(yè)設(shè)計審查，畢業(yè)答辯。 第17周
Ⅳ 、主 要參考資料：
1.《沖模設(shè)計手冊》編寫組.沖模設(shè)計手冊.北京：沖模設(shè)計手冊，1995
2. 陳為國.螺母盒彎曲成形模具設(shè)計.模具技術(shù)，2000.1
3.王新華，袁聯(lián)富編.沖模結(jié)構(gòu)圖冊.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2003
4.羅益旋.沖壓新工藝新技術(shù)及模具設(shè)計實用手冊. 銀聲音像出版社，2004
5. GB2851～2875《冷沖?！穱覙?biāo)準(zhǔn)
系 專業(yè)類 班
學(xué)生（簽名）：
填寫日期： 2011 年 01 月 03 日
指導(dǎo)教師（簽名）：
助理指導(dǎo)教師(并指出所負(fù)責(zé)的部分)：
機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 系主任（簽名）：
附注:任務(wù)書應(yīng)該附在已完成的畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書首頁。
附錄：螺母盒零件圖
學(xué)士學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明
本人聲明，所呈交的論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨立完成的研究成果。除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含法律意義上已屬于他人的任何形式的研究成果,也不包含本人已用于其他學(xué)位申請的論文或成果。對本文的研究作出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式表明。本人完全意識到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。
作者簽名： 日期：2011年5月
學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書
本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院可以將本論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。
作者簽名： 日期： 2011年5月
導(dǎo)師簽名： 日期：
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告
題目 螺母盒零件沖壓工藝與沖模設(shè)計
專 業(yè) 名 稱 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
班 級 學(xué) 號
學(xué) 生 姓 名
指 導(dǎo) 教 師
填 表 日 期 2011 年 5 月 20 日
一、選題的依據(jù)及意義：
目的：以社會實際產(chǎn)品為課題，真題假做，設(shè)計一副能夠生產(chǎn)所給塑件、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、能保證制品的精度、表面質(zhì)量的塑料模具，能熟練使用UG 、AUTOCAD等CAD,CAE繪圖軟件。使學(xué)生在塑件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、塑料成型工藝分析、塑料模具數(shù)字化設(shè)計、塑料模具零件的選材、熱處理、塑料模具零件的制造，以及資料檢索、英文翻譯等方面獲得綜合訓(xùn)練，為縮短工作適應(yīng)期奠定堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
意義：隨著塑料制品在機(jī)械、電子、交通、國防、建筑、農(nóng)業(yè)等各行業(yè) 廣泛應(yīng)用，對塑料模具的需求日益增加，塑料模在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性也日益突出。模具作為一種高附加值和技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品，其技術(shù)水平的高低已經(jīng)成為一個國家制造業(yè)水平的重要標(biāo)志之一。
2、 國內(nèi)外研究概況及發(fā)展趨勢（含文獻(xiàn)綜述）：
1、國內(nèi)方面：
一、我國模具工業(yè)的研究現(xiàn)狀
80年代以來，在國家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策和與之配套的一系列國家經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的支持和引導(dǎo)下，我國模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，年均增速均為13%，1999年我國模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)值為 245億，至2002年我國模具總產(chǎn)值約為360億元，其中塑料模約30%左右。在未來的模具市場中，塑料模在模具總量中的比例還將逐步提高。
我國塑料模工業(yè)從起步到現(xiàn)在，歷經(jīng)半個多世紀(jì)，有了很大發(fā)展，模具水平有了較大提高。在大型模具方面已能生產(chǎn)48英寸大屏幕彩電塑殼注射模具、6.5Kg 大容量洗衣機(jī)全套塑料模具以及汽車保險杠和整體儀表板等塑料模具，精密塑料模具方面，已能生產(chǎn)照相機(jī)塑料件模具、多型腔小模數(shù)齒輪模具及塑封模具。如天津津榮天和機(jī)電有限公司和煙臺北極星Ⅰ.K模具有限公司制造多腔VCD和DVD齒輪模具，所生產(chǎn)的這類齒輪塑件的尺寸精度、同軸度、跳動等要求都達(dá)到了國外同類產(chǎn)品的水平，而且還采用最新的齒輪設(shè)計軟件，糾正了由于成型收縮造成齒形誤差，達(dá)到了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)漸開線齒形要求。還能生產(chǎn)厚度僅為0.08mm的一模兩腔的航空杯模具和難度較高的塑料門窗擠出模等等。注塑模型腔制造精度可達(dá)0.02mm～0.05mm，表面粗糙度Ra0.2μm，模具質(zhì)量、壽命明顯提高了，非淬火鋼模壽命可達(dá)10～30萬次，淬火鋼模達(dá)50～1000萬次，交貨期較以前縮短，但和國外相比仍有較大差距。
成型工藝方面，多材質(zhì)塑料成型模、高效多色注射模、鑲件互換結(jié)構(gòu)和抽芯脫模機(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新方面也取得較大進(jìn)展。氣體輔助注射成型技術(shù)的使用更趨成熟，如青島海信模具有限公司、天津通信廣播公司模具廠等廠家成功地在29～34英寸電視機(jī)外殼以及一些厚壁零件的模具上運用氣輔技術(shù)，一些廠家還使用了C-MOLD氣輔軟件，取得較好的效果。如上海新普雷斯等公司就能為用戶提供氣輔成型設(shè)備及技術(shù)。熱流道模具開始推廣，有的廠采用率達(dá)20%以上，一般采用內(nèi)熱式或外熱式熱流道裝置，少數(shù)單位采用具有世界先進(jìn)水平的高難度針閥式熱流道模具。但總體上熱流道的采用率達(dá)不到10%，與國外的50%～80%相比，差距較大。
在制造技術(shù)方面，CAD/CAM/CAE技術(shù)的應(yīng)用水平上了一個新臺階，以生產(chǎn)家用電器的企業(yè)為代表，陸續(xù)引進(jìn)了相當(dāng)數(shù)量的CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)，如美國EDS的UGⅡ、美國Parametric Technology公司的Pro/Emgineer、美國CV公司的CADS5、英國Deltacam公司的DOCT5、日本HZS公司的CRADE、以色列公司的Cimatron、美國AC-Tech公司的C-Mold及澳大利亞Moldflow公司的MPA塑模分析軟件等等。這些系統(tǒng)和軟件的引進(jìn)，雖花費了大量資金，但在我國模具行業(yè)中，實現(xiàn)了CAD/CAM的集成，并能支持CAE技術(shù)對成型過程，如充模和冷卻等進(jìn)行計算機(jī)模擬，取得了一定的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，促進(jìn)和推動了我國模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
近年來，我國自主開發(fā)的塑料模CAD/CAM系統(tǒng)有了很大發(fā)展，主要有北航華正軟件工程研究所開發(fā)的CAXA系統(tǒng)、華中理工大學(xué)開發(fā)的注塑模 HSC5.0系統(tǒng)及CAE軟件等，這些軟件具有適應(yīng)國內(nèi)模具的具體情況、能在微機(jī)上應(yīng)用且價格低等特點，為進(jìn)一步普及模具CAD/CAM技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了良好條件。
近年來，國內(nèi)已較廣泛地采用一些新的塑料模具鋼，如：P20，3Gr2Mo、PMS、SMⅠ、SMⅡ等，對模具的質(zhì)量和使用壽命有著直接的重大影響，但總體使用量仍較少。塑料模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模架、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)推桿和彈簧等越來越廣泛得到應(yīng)用，并且出現(xiàn)了一些國產(chǎn)的商品化的熱流道系統(tǒng)元件。
二．我國模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢
目前，國內(nèi)市場對中高檔模具的需求量很大，但要求國產(chǎn)模具必須在質(zhì)量、交貨期等方面滿足用戶的需求。另外，隨著近年來工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家的人工費用增加，其模具生產(chǎn)正向發(fā)展中國家特別是東南亞國家轉(zhuǎn)移。因此，只要國產(chǎn)模具的質(zhì)量能夠有提高，交貨期能夠保證，模具出口的前景是十分樂觀的。 有專家認(rèn)為，伴隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的一體化浪潮，全球制造業(yè)加速向中國大陸地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移已是大勢所趨，中國也將逐步發(fā)展成為世界級的制造業(yè)基地。廣東珠江三角地區(qū)將在十年之內(nèi)發(fā)展成為世界模具生產(chǎn)中心。
上海市模具工業(yè)協(xié)會秘書長劉德普認(rèn)為，未來我國的模具將呈現(xiàn)十大發(fā)展趨勢：
一是模具日趨大型化。這是由于模具成型的零件日漸大型化和高生產(chǎn)效率要求而發(fā)展的"一模多腔"所造成的。
二是模具的精度越來越高。10年前，精密模具的精度一般為5微米，現(xiàn)在已達(dá)到2~3微米，不久1微米精度的模具將上市。這要求超精加工。
三是多功能復(fù)合模具將進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。新型多功能復(fù)合模具除了沖壓成型零件外，還擔(dān)負(fù)疊壓、攻絲、鉚接和鎖緊等組裝任務(wù)，對鋼材的性能要求也越來越高。
四是熱流道模具在塑料模具中的比重逐漸提高。由于采用熱流道技術(shù)的模具可提高制件的生產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量，并能大幅度節(jié)約制作的原材料，因此熱流道技術(shù)的應(yīng)用在外國發(fā)展很快，許多塑料模具廠生產(chǎn)的塑料模具一半以上采用了熱流道技術(shù)，有的廠家使用率達(dá)到80%以上，效果十分明顯。熱流道模具在我國也已生產(chǎn)，有些企業(yè)使用率上升到20%~30%。
五是隨著塑料成型工藝的不斷改進(jìn)與發(fā)展，氣輔模具及適應(yīng)高壓注射成型等工藝的模具將隨之發(fā)展。這類模具要求剛性好，耐高壓，特別是精密模具的型腔應(yīng)淬火，澆口密封性好，模溫能準(zhǔn)確控制，所以對模具鋼的性能要求很嚴(yán)。
六是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用將日漸廣泛。模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化及模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用將極大地影響模具制造周期，且還能提高模具的質(zhì)量和降低模具制造成本。因此，模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的應(yīng)用在"十五"期間必將得到較大的發(fā)展。
七是快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具的前景十分廣闊?，F(xiàn)在是多品種小批量生產(chǎn)時代，21世紀(jì)，這種生產(chǎn)方式占工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的比例將達(dá)到75%以上。由此，一方面是制品使用周期縮短，另一方面花樣變化頻繁，要求模具的生產(chǎn)周期愈短愈好。因此開發(fā)快速經(jīng)濟(jì)模具將越來越引起人們的關(guān)注。
八是隨著車輛和電機(jī)等產(chǎn)品向輕量化發(fā)展，壓鑄模的比例將不斷提高，同時對壓鑄模的壽命和復(fù)雜程度也將提出越來越高的要求。
九是以塑代鋼、以塑代木的進(jìn)程進(jìn)一步加快，塑料模具的比例將不斷增大。同時，由于機(jī)械零件的復(fù)雜程度和精度的不斷提高，對塑料模具的要求也越來越高。
十是模具技術(shù)含量將不斷提高，中、高檔模具比例將不斷增大，這也是產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整所導(dǎo)致模具市場走勢的變化。
2、國外方面：
我國模具生產(chǎn)廠中多數(shù)是自產(chǎn)自配的工模具車間（分廠），自產(chǎn)自配比例高達(dá)60%左右，而國外模具超過70%屬商品模具。專業(yè)模具廠大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的組織形式，而國外大多是“小而?！薄ⅰ靶《?。國內(nèi)大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長壽命的模具占總量比例不足30%，而國外在50%以上。2004年，模具進(jìn)出口之比為3.7：1，進(jìn)出口相抵后的凈進(jìn)口額達(dá)13.2億美元，為世界模具凈進(jìn)口量最大的國家。
三、研究內(nèi)容及實驗方案：
1、內(nèi)容：塑件測繪圖、模具裝配圖、模具零件圖、說明書。
2、擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題：模具澆口、抽心機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計、分型面的選擇、型腔與型芯的尺寸配合和精度問題。
四、研究方法、手段：
1、方法： 使用UG軟件將設(shè)計完成的塑料制品調(diào)入到模具設(shè)計模組當(dāng)中，進(jìn)行裝配和型腔排布，再進(jìn)行注射塑料模具、型腔、型芯滑塊等成型零件的設(shè)計，最后完成二維工程三視圖。
2、所用軟件和工具： UG 、AUTOCAD,、手工繪圖工具、測量工具。
四、目標(biāo)、主要特色及工作進(jìn)度
1. 查閱相關(guān)資料，外文資料翻譯（6000字符以上），撰寫開題報告。第1周—第2周
2.繪制螺母盒沖件圖，分析沖件成形工藝及坯料展開 第3周—第6周
3.編制螺母盒沖壓成形工藝規(guī)程； 第7周—第8周
4. 繪制螺母盒沖裁?？傃b圖及零件圖； 第9周—第13周
5. 撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書（論文） 第14周—第16周
6. 畢業(yè)設(shè)計審查，畢業(yè)答辯。 第17周
5、 參考文獻(xiàn)
1. 《沖模設(shè)計手冊》編寫組.沖模設(shè)計手冊.北京：沖模設(shè)計手冊，1995
2. 陳為國.螺母盒彎曲成形模具設(shè)計.模具技術(shù)，2000.1
3. 王新華，袁聯(lián)富編.沖模結(jié)構(gòu)圖冊.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2003
4. 羅益旋.沖壓新工藝新技術(shù)及模具設(shè)計實用手冊. 銀聲音像出版社，2004
5. GB2851～2875《冷沖?！穱覙?biāo)準(zhǔn)
南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院
螺母盒零件沖壓工藝與沖模設(shè)計
學(xué)生姓名：鄒武 班級：0781052
指導(dǎo)老師：陳為國
摘要：近年來，我國家電工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展對模具工業(yè)，尤其是冷沖模具提出了越來越高的要求，2004年，冷沖模具在整個模具行業(yè)中所占比例已大大上升，據(jù)有關(guān)專家預(yù)測，在未來幾年中，中國冷沖模具工業(yè)還將持續(xù)保持年均增長速度達(dá)到15%左右的較高速度的發(fā)展。
沖壓成型是金屬成型的一種重要方法，它主要適用于材質(zhì)較軟的金屬成型，可以一次成型形狀復(fù)雜的精密制件。本課題就是將石化、化工、電力等行業(yè)的法蘭密封結(jié)構(gòu)中的墊片作為設(shè)計模型，將冷沖模具的相關(guān)知識作為依據(jù)，闡述冷沖模具的設(shè)計過程。
本設(shè)計對螺母盒進(jìn)行的級進(jìn)模設(shè)計，利用Auto CAD軟件對制件進(jìn)行設(shè)計繪圖。明確了設(shè)計思路，確定了沖壓成型工藝過程并對各個具體部分進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的計算和校核。如此設(shè)計出的結(jié)構(gòu)可確保模具工作運用可靠，保證了與其他部件的配合。并繪制了模具的裝配圖和零件圖。
本課題通過對螺母盒的沖壓模具設(shè)計，鞏固和深化了所學(xué)知識，取得了比較滿意的效果，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的設(shè)計意圖。
關(guān)鍵詞：沖壓模具 沖壓成型 模具設(shè)計 金屬成型
指導(dǎo)老師簽名：
Nut box parts stamping process and die design
Student：Zou Wu Class：0781052
Supervisor：Chen Weiguo
Abstract：In recent years,the rapid development of China's household electrical appliance industry of mold industry,especially Die with the increasing demands put forward in 2004,Die in the proportion of the proportion of the entire mold industry has been greatly increased,experts predict,In the next few years, China will continue to maintain industrial Die average annual growth rate reached 15% of the high rate of development. In the next few years, China will continue to maintain industrial Die average annual growth rate reached 15% of the high rate of development. In the next few years, China will continue to maintain industrial Die average annual growth rate reached 15% of the high rate of development.
Stamping is an important method of metal forming, it is mainly applied to relatively soft metal forming, can be a molding of precision parts of complex shape. This topic is to petrochemical, chemical, electric power industries gasket flange structure as a design model, Die related knowledge will be used as the basis to explain Die design process.
The design of the nut box for the progressive die design, the use of Auto CAD software to design parts drawing. Clear design ideas, determine the process of stamping and forming part of the various specific details of the calculation and verification. The structure of such a design die is used to ensure reliable, to ensure coordination with other components. And the mapping of the mold assembly and part drawings.
The topic box on the nut stamping die design, consolidate and deepen the knowledge, and achieved satisfactory results, to achieve the desired design intent.
Keywords: Stamping die Stamping Molding Die Diesign Metal Forming
Signature of supervisor：
Die Life of cold stamping die and improvements
Overview of stamping die
Stamping Die - Stamping in the cold, the material (metal or non-metallic) processing into parts (or half) of a special technical equipment, called cold stamping die (commonly known as Die). Press - is at room temperature, using the die installed in the press to put pressure on the material to produce a separation or plastic deformation, and thus to obtain the necessary parts of a pressure processing method.
Stamping die in the form of many, the general categories according to the following main features:
1. According to the technical nature of
(1) Die along the closed or open contour the material are derived from mold. If blanking die, punch die, cut off the mold, cut mode, cutting mode, split mode, etc..
(2) bending mode to blank or blank sheet along a straight line (curved line) to bend, deform, and thus obtain a certain angle and shape of the workpiece in the mold.
(3) The drawing die is made of the blank sheet opening hollow, or hollow pieces of further changes to the shape and size of the mold.
(4) Die rough or semi-finished workpiece is convex according to plan, direct copy the shape of the die shape, the material itself, generate only local plastic deformation of the mold. Such as the bulging mode, reducing the die, expansion die, forming die rolling, flanging mold, plastic mold.
2. According to the degree classification process combination
(1) single process model in a press tour, just completed a die stamping process.
(2) composite model is only one station, in a press tour, at the same station at the same time to complete more than two or two die stamping process.
(3) Progressive Die (also known as the modulus of continuity) in the feeding direction, rough, with two or more of the station, at the press of a visit, work in different places on the completion of two or two successive Road over stamping die process.
Chong called cold stamping die Die-wide.
Cold stamping die is used in cold stamping die mold industry, and accessories required for high-performance structural ceramic materials, preparation methods, high-performance ceramic materials, molds and accessories from the zirconium oxide and yttrium aluminum powder increases, Pr element composition, Preparation is the solution of zirconia, yttria solution, praseodymium oxide solution, according to a certain percentage of alumina solution when mixed liquor, ammonium bicarbonate infusion, by co-precipitation synthesis of ceramic materials, molds and accessories needed for raw materials, reaction precipitate generated by the treatment, drying, calcining and accessories by high performance ceramic mold material superfine powder, and then after forming, sintering, finishing, they will have high-performance ceramic materials, molds and accessories. Advantages of this invention is the invention made of cold stamping dies and parts and long service life, the process does not appear in the press and its parts and stamping die bond generated the phenomenon of stamping surface is smooth, no glitches, can replace traditional high-speed steel, tungsten steel.
Die with the main parts
Die stamping tools is the main process equipment, stamping rely on the relative movement under the mold completed. Processing time because the upper and lower mold between the constant division and, if continued operation of the fingers of workers to enter or remain in the mold closed, there will certainly pose a serious threat to their personal safety.
(A) of the mold main parts, function and safety requirements
1. Working parts is a direct punch to blank forming the working parts, therefore, it is the key to mold parts. Punch not only sophisticated and complex, it should meet the following requirements:
(1) be of sufficient strength, can not be broken or destroyed during stamping.
(2) should be appropriate to its material and heat treatment requirements, to prevent too high hardness and brittle fracture.
2. Positioning parts positioning part is to determine the location of the parts installed blank, there are pins (board), gauge pin (plate), lead is sold, guide plate, knife set from the side, side pressure etc.. Design should be considered when positioning parts easy to operate and should not have had orientation, location to facilitate observation, preferably in the forward position, contouring to correct the pin location and positioning.
3. Binder, unloading and discharging parts binder components are blank holder, binder board.
Blank holder pressure can drawing blank holder force, thereby preventing billets under the action of the tangential pressure arch formed folds. The role of pressure plate to prevent movement and bounce blank. Top of the device, discharge board's role is to facilitate the pieces and clean up waste. Them by the spring, rubber and equipment, putting on the air-cushion support, can move up and down, knocking out pieces of the design should have enough top output, movement to the limited spaces. Stripper plate area should be minimized or closed position in the operating groove milling out empty-handed. Exposure of the stripper plate should have protection around the plate, to prevent finger inserted into or foreign objects inside, exposed surface edges should be blunt down.
4. Guide parts and guide sleeve guide pin is the most widely used part of a guide. Its role is to ensure punch the punching clearance when accurate match. Therefore, the guide posts, guide cover the gap should be less than the blanking clearance. Guide Post located next mold base, to ensure that the stroke bottom dead center, the lead column in the template on the face over the top for at least 5 to 10 mm. Guide columns should be arranged far away from the module and the pressure plate in the area, so the operator's arms do not get to take over the lead column material.
5. Supporting and clamping the upper and lower parts which includes templates, die handle, fixed plate punch, plate, stopper, etc..
lthough China Die with the industry over the past decade has made remarkable development, but in many ways compared with the industrialized countries there is still a large gap. For example, the precision machining equipment, processing equipment in Die with the relatively low proportion; CAD / CAE / CAM technology penetration is not high; many advanced mold technology not widely so, resulting in a considerable number of large, sophisticated, complex and long Die life with dependence on imports.
With the continuous progress of science and technology, modern industrial production of increasingly complex and diverse, product performance and quality is ever increasing, thus the cold stamping technology put forward higher requirements. In order to adapt to the cold stamping technology industry needs, cold stamping technology itself also in innovation and development. cold stamping technology idea is to improve and expand as much as possible the advantages of the cold stamping process, to overcome its shortcomings. in the cold stamping technology development, should note the following aspects:
(1) cold stamping technology process parameters should be properly identified and Die with the work of some of the shape and size, to improve the quality of stamping parts and shorten the new product production cycle should be in strengthening the metal forming the basis of theoretical studies, to metal forming theory to practice can produce a direction, and gradually establish a close connection with the actual production of the advanced process of calculation. abroad have begun to use plastic finite element method, automobile parts forming process of the stress and strain analysis and computer simulation to predict the forming part of a process plan on the possibilities and potential problems.
(2) to accelerate product replacement, mold design to overcome the shortcomings of a long cycle. Should vigorously carry out computer-aided design and manufacture of molds (CAD / CAM) Research. In my country, paying particular attention to strengthening the multi-position progressive die CAD / CAM Technology.
(3) to meet the needs of mass production, and reduce labor intensity. Should strengthen cold stamping of mechanized and automated, so that the average, small pieces of high-speed presses in a multi-position progressive die production, production reached a high degree of automation to further improve stamping productivity.
(4) expand the scope of application of cold stamping production. So cold pressing both suitable for mass production, but also for small batch production; both the general accuracy of product production, but also can produce precision parts. Should pay attention to development such as fine blanking (especially thick material fine blanking), forming high-energy, soft mold forming, pressure and processing new superplastic forming process, but also promote the easy mode (soft mode and the low melting point alloy mold), Universal Hybrid model, the use of CNC punch press and other equipment.
In addition, the performance improvement of sheet metal stamping, mold new material, die development of new processing methods should be further strengthened.
Die with life and Countermeasures
Die with the life of the workpiece by punching out the number of terms. Many factors affect the life Die. There are die structure design, manufacture molds used in the punch and die materials, die quality and surface hardening heat treatment, precision die manufacturing parts and cold stamping materials selection. In addition, there are die installation, adjustment, use and maintenance.
1. Die Design on Life
(1) Layout design of layout methods and take the boundary value a great impact on the die life, too small to take the boundary value, often causing rapid wear and convex mold, die bite wounds on the. Starting from material savings, take the boundary value smaller the better, but take the edge is less than some value, the cut surface of the mold and the quality of life adversely. There will be left behind in the blanking die Q-gap were to produce spare parts glitch, or even damage the die edge, reduce die life. Therefore, consider increasing the material utilization of the same time, parts must yield, quality and life expectancy to determine the layout methods and take the boundary.
(2) die structure prone to stress concentration on the cracking of the die structure, composite structure can be used or mosaic structure, and prestressed structure to enhance the mold life.
(3) the impact of clearance when the gap is too small, compressed extrusion of interest, increased friction, increased wear, the wear side of aggravated discharge and push pieces after blanking time, materials and convex, the friction between die will cause wear and tear than the end edge on the side of the grinding much, but also easily lead to convex, concave mold temperature is high, the adsorption of metal debris in the side edge to form a metal tumor, so that male and female die chipping or expansion occurs crack phenomenon. Therefore, the gap is too small to Die Life very bad. Gap is too large will increase the punch and the die face the edge of the concentration of stress, resulting in a sharp increase in stress, so blade edge quickly lose angular yield deformation. Therefore, addition of blanking force, thereby enabling faster edge edge wear, reduce die life. But in order to reduce the male and female die wear, extending mold life, while ensuring quality of stamping pieces under the premise that larger space designed properly it is necessary.
(4) Die-oriented structure of the life of a reliable guide for the working parts reduce wear, prevent male and female die bite wound is very effective. In particular, non-small-Q gap Q gap or Die, compound die and multi-position progressive die even more important. To improve the die life, must be based on processes and the demand of precision, the correct choice-oriented form and orientation accuracy, the choice should be higher than the accuracy-oriented convex, concave mold with precision.(5) the impact of cold stamping materials, cold stamping materials selected should meet the design requirements of workpieces and stamping process requirements, or easy to mold damage and reduce mold life. Poor surface quality of cold stamping, punching, cracking when the workpiece is also easy to scratch mold. Bad cold stamping plastic materials, deformation is small, easy to press when the workpiece rupture, but also easy to scratch mold. In addition, the material thickness tolerances shall comply with national standards. Die because of a certain thickness of material suitable for forming, bending, flanging, drawing die of the male and female die structure gap is directly determined by the thickness of the material. Therefore, uneven thickness, will result in waste generation and mold damage.
2. Die Die Life of
Die Die Life of a mold material properties, chemical composition, structure, hardness and comprehensive reflection of metallurgical quality. Among them, the material properties and heat treatment affect the quality of the most obvious. Mold material properties on the impact of die life is great. If the same workpiece, using a different mold material of the bending test, the test results: The 9Mn2V material, the life of 5 million; with Crl2MoV nitriding, the life of up to 40 million. Therefore, the choice of materials, the batch size should be based on workpiece, rational use of mold materials. The hardness of the die parts to Die Life a great impact. But not the higher hardness, longer die life. This is because the hardness and strength, toughness and abrasion resistance are closely related. Some die demands of high hardness, long life. Such as the use of T10 steel dies, hardness 54 ~ 58HRC, only washed thousands of times a burr on the workpiece great. If the hardness to 60 ~ 64HRC, the grinding life of up to 2 to 3 million. However, if continue to improve hardness, fracture occurs earlier. Some die hardness should not be too high, as the die manufacturing using Crl2MoV 58 ~ 62HRC hardness, the general life of 2-3 million, invalid form of chipping and cracking, and if the hardness down to 54 ~ 58HRC, life expectancy increased to 5 ~ 60 000, but decreased to 50 ~ 53HRC hardness appears easy to blunt the die edge phenomenon. Thus, mold hardness must be based on material properties and failure modes may be. Should enable the hardness, strength, toughness and wear resistance, resistance to fatigue strength needed to achieve a particular stamping process the best match.
3. The surface of the mold heat treatment to strengthen the quality and impact on life
Mold heat treatment the nature and quality of life of the mold a great impact. Practice shows that the die parts of the quenching distortion and cracking, early fracture during use, while the metallurgical and materials quality, forging quality, mold structure and process related, but related more to die of heat treatment. According to statistical analysis of failure causes of mold, heat treatment failure due to improper accounting for more than 50%. Practice shows that the mold material must be accompanied by high heat treatment process properly, can really play a material's potential. Parts surface hardening mold work purpose is to obtain the effect of external hard tough inside, so be hardness, wear resistance, toughness, good resistance to fatigue with. Many ways to die surface hardening, surface treatment technology of new technologies developed rapidly. In addition to Nitrocarburizing and ion nitride, boride, seepage niobium, vanadium permeability, hard chrome plated and spark strengthening, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) has been gradually adopted. By CVD and PVD treatment, the mold surface covered with super-hard material, such as TiC, TiN, etc.. High hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, adhesion is very good, can improve the die life several times to several times.
4. Manufacturing precision of the die parts of die life
Precision die manufacturing and life in it in particular, mold surface roughness on the mold a great impact. If using Crl2MoV steel blanking die, if the surface roughness value R = 1.6 m, its life span is about 30,000. Such as polished by the precision, surface roughness value R = 0.4 m, life can be increased to 4-5 million. Therefore, the working parts of the mold surface, the general must go through grinding, grinding, polishing and other finishing and fine processing.
5. Other aspects of the impact of die life
(1) Press the accuracy is not high, but also easy to make die damage.
(2) die in the press or not installed properly and the operator's technical level, on the tool life is also greatly affected.
(3) dies in the custody and maintenance of good and bad, and the use of lubricant condition also affects mold life.
6. Conclusion
In actual production, sheet metal dies for use, rare case of non-normal wear and tear. But when the die plate was found prone to irregular wear, we always study for the problems summarized. Because of a cold die, from the design, manufacture, assembly, commissioning and installation and use, all spent many hours, while the convex die, die material used, mostly high-quality alloy steel. Therefore, the die cost is relatively high. Therefore, in the production of understanding the factors that affect the die life and take the appropriate measures to guide the production of great practical significance.
冷沖模具使用壽命的影響及對策
沖壓模具概述
沖壓模具--在冷沖壓加工中，將材料（金屬或非金屬）加工成零件（或半成品）的一種特殊工藝裝備，稱為冷沖壓模具（俗稱冷沖模）。沖壓--是在室溫下，利用安裝在壓力機(jī)上的模具對材料施加壓力，使其產(chǎn)生分離或塑性變形，從而獲得所需零件的一種壓力加工方法。
沖壓模具的形式很多，一般可按以下幾個主要特征分類：
１． 根據(jù)工藝性質(zhì)分
（1）沖裁模 沿封閉或敞開的輪廓線使材料產(chǎn)生分離的模具。如落料模、沖孔模、切斷模、切口模、切邊模、剖切模等。
（2）彎曲模 使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿著直線（彎曲線）產(chǎn)生彎曲變形，從而獲得一定角度和形狀的工件的模具。
（3）拉深模 是把板料毛坯制成開口空心件，或使空心件進(jìn)一步改變形狀和尺寸的模具。
（4）成形模 是將毛坯或半成品工件按圖凸、凹模的形狀直接復(fù)制成形，而材料本身僅產(chǎn)生局部塑性變形的模具。如脹形模、縮口模、擴(kuò)口模、起伏成形模、翻邊模、整形模等。
２．根據(jù)工序組合程度分類
（1）單工序模 在壓力機(jī)的一次行程中，只完成一道沖壓工序的模具。
（2）復(fù)合模 只有一個工位，在壓力機(jī)的一次行程中，在同一工位上同時完成兩道或兩道以上沖壓工序的模具。
（3）級進(jìn)模（也稱連續(xù)模） 在毛坯的送進(jìn)方向上，具有兩個或更多的工位，在壓力機(jī)的一次行程中，在不同的工位上逐次完成兩道或兩道以上沖壓工序的模具。
沖冷沖模全稱為冷沖壓模具。
冷沖壓模具是一種應(yīng)用于模具行業(yè)冷沖壓模具及其配件所需高性能結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷材料的制備方法，高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料由氧化鋯、氧化釔粉中加鋁、鐠元素構(gòu)成，制備工藝是將氧化鋯溶液、氧化釔溶液、氧化鐠溶液、氧化鋁溶液按一定比例混合配成母液，滴入碳酸氫銨，采用共沉淀方法合成模具及其配件陶瓷材料所需的原材料，反應(yīng)生成的沉淀經(jīng)濾水、干燥，煅燒得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料超微粉，再經(jīng)過成型、燒結(jié)、精加工，便得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料。本發(fā)明的優(yōu)點是本發(fā)明制成的冷沖壓模具及其配件使用壽命長，在沖壓過程中未出現(xiàn)模具及其配件與沖壓件產(chǎn)生粘結(jié)現(xiàn)象，沖壓件表面光滑、無毛刺，完全可以替代傳統(tǒng)高速鋼、鎢鋼材料。
冷沖模具主要零件
冷沖模具是沖壓加工的主要工藝裝備，沖壓制件就是靠上、下模具的相對運動來完成的。加工時由于上、下模具之間不斷地分合，如果操作工人的手指不斷進(jìn)入或停留在模具閉合區(qū)，便會對其人身安全帶來嚴(yán)重威脅。
（一）模具的主要零件、作用及安全要求
1．工作零件凸凹模是直接使坯料成形的工作零件，因此，它是模具上的關(guān)鍵零件。凸凹模不但精密而且復(fù)雜，它應(yīng)滿足如下要求：
（1）應(yīng)有足夠的強(qiáng)度，不能在沖壓過程中斷裂或破壞．
（2）對其材料及熱處理應(yīng)有適當(dāng)要求，防止硬度太高而脆裂。
2．定位零件定位零件是確定坯件安裝位置的零件，有定位銷（板）、擋料銷（板）、導(dǎo)正銷、導(dǎo)料板、定距側(cè)刀、側(cè)壓器等。設(shè)計定位零件時應(yīng)考慮操作方便，不應(yīng)有過定位，位置要便于觀察，最好采用前推定位、外廓定位和導(dǎo)正銷定位等。
3．壓料、卸料及出料零件壓料零件有壓邊圈、壓料板等。
壓邊圈可對拉延坯料加壓邊力，從而防止坯料在切向壓力的作用下拱起而形成皺褶。壓料板的作用是防止坯料移動和彈跳。頂出器、卸料板的作用是便于出件和清理廢料。它們由彈簧、橡膠和設(shè)備上的氣墊推桿支撐，可上下運動，頂出件設(shè)計時應(yīng)具有足夠的頂出力，運動要有限位。卸料板應(yīng)盡量縮小閉合區(qū)域或在操作位置上銑出空手槽。暴露的卸料板的四周應(yīng)設(shè)有防護(hù)板，防止手指伸入或異物進(jìn)入，外露表面棱角應(yīng)倒鈍。
4．導(dǎo)向零件導(dǎo)柱和導(dǎo)套是應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種導(dǎo)向零件。其作用是保證凸凹模在沖壓工作時有精確的配合間隙。因此，導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套的間隙應(yīng)小于沖裁間隙。導(dǎo)柱設(shè)在下模座，要保證在沖程下死點時，導(dǎo)柱的上端面在上模板頂面以上最少5至10毫米。導(dǎo)柱應(yīng)安排在遠(yuǎn)離模塊和壓料板的部位，使操作者的手臂不用越過導(dǎo)柱送取料。
5．支承及夾持零件它包括上下模板、模柄、凸凹模固定板、墊板、限位器等。
上下模板是冷沖模具的基礎(chǔ)零件，其他各種零件都分別安裝固定在上面。模板的平面尺寸，尤其是前后方向應(yīng)與制件相適應(yīng)，過大或過小均不利于操作。
有些模具（落料、沖孔類模具）為了出件方便，需在模架下設(shè)墊板。這時墊板最好與模板之間用螺釘連接在一起，兩墊板的厚度應(yīng)絕對相等。墊板的間距以能出件為準(zhǔn)，不要太大，以免模板斷裂。
6．緊固零件它包括螺釘、螺母、彈簧、柱銷、墊圈等，一般都采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件。冷沖模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件用量較多，設(shè)計選用時應(yīng)保證緊固和彈性頂出的需要，避免緊固件暴露在表面操作位置上，防止碰傷人手和妨礙操作。
冷沖模具的發(fā)展
改革開放以來，隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，市場對冷沖模具的需求量不斷增長。近年來，冷沖模具工業(yè)一直以15%左右的增長速度快速發(fā)展，冷沖模具工業(yè)企業(yè)的所有制成分也發(fā)生了巨大變化，除了國有專業(yè)模具廠外，集體、合資、獨資和私營也得到了快速發(fā)展。
隨著與國際接軌的腳步不斷加快，市場競爭的日益加劇，人們已經(jīng)越來越認(rèn)識到產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、成本和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力的重要性。而冷沖模具制造是整個鏈條中最基礎(chǔ)的要素之一，冷沖模具制造技術(shù)現(xiàn)已成為衡量一個國家制造業(yè)水平高低的重要標(biāo)志，并在很大程度上決定企業(yè)的生存空間。
近年許多冷沖模具企業(yè)加大了用于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度，將技術(shù)進(jìn)步視為企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要動力。一些國內(nèi)模具企業(yè)已普及了二維CAD，并陸續(xù)開始使用UG、Pro/Engineer、I-DEAS、Euclid-IS等國際通用軟件，個別廠家還引進(jìn)了Moldflow、C-Flow、DYNAFORM、Opt