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語(yǔ)法填空 A 【2018全國(guó)I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___1___(long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long___2__ _(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___3___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cannt make you live forever, the review says it ___4___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___5___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___6___showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___7___(cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___8___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always___9___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___10___a try. 【答案】1. longer 2. to see 3. dying 4. is 5. than 6. that /which 7. causes 8. strengthen 9. energetic 10. it 【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了跑步的好處，它可以幫助人們延年益壽。 1.考查副詞的比較級(jí)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：經(jīng)常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根據(jù)than可知用比較級(jí)，故填longer。 2.考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。你不必跑得太快或者時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)就為了看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to see。 3.考查動(dòng)名詞。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重，但仍然可以通過(guò)跑步減少早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此處of是介詞，其后用動(dòng)名詞。故填dying。 4. 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。 5. 考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。根據(jù)文章中的more effective可知此處填than。 6. 考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填that或which。 7.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項(xiàng)研究表明，僅僅用每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。 8.考查詞性變化。通過(guò)鍛煉增強(qiáng)你腿上的肌肉。此處to是不定式符號(hào)，其后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填strengthen。 9.考查詞性變化。跑步總是讓人充滿活力的。根據(jù)it’s可知，系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填energetic。 10.考查代詞。我們都應(yīng)該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為：試試。此處it可以指running。故填it。 B 【2018全國(guó)III】Im not sure _____11_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____12____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___13__(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____14___(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel____15____(challenge). My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a ___16___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___17___ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____18____(they) alive. True to a gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____19____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____20____ (stay)and watch. 【答案】11. which 12. the 13. loudest 14. looking 15. challenged 16. scientist 17. for 18. them 19. meant 20. to stay 【解析】本文為記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此驚恐的經(jīng)歷。 11.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我不確定哪一個(gè)更讓人害怕，是我還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用which。 12.考查冠詞。此處為固定短語(yǔ)at the top of，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。 13.考查最高級(jí)。根據(jù)后面的of all可知，他聲音最大，所以用最高級(jí)loudest。 14. 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞avoid后要加doing。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。 15. 考查非謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示不直視他的眼睛，他就不會(huì)感到被挑戰(zhàn)。feel為系動(dòng)詞，表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”，用過(guò)去分詞challenged。 16. 考查名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。 17.考查介詞。search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，表示“我在尋找我研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。” 18.考查代詞。此處作find的賓語(yǔ)，所以用賓格them。 19.考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)總體時(shí)態(tài)可知要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以用meant。 20.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)allow sb to do允許某人做某事，應(yīng)該用to stay。 A 【福建省莆田第九中學(xué) 2019 屆高三上學(xué)期第一次調(diào)研】Martin Strel swims with a knife _____1_____ (fasten) to his right leg—in case he meets sharks and other ___2___ (dead) sea life in the world’s wildest waters. ___3___ 61-year-old marathon swimmer has announced the _____4_____ (tough) challenge of his life: a 10,000-mile-around-the-world journey on water ______5______ (draw) public attention to the increasing water ___6___ (pollute). He aims to circle the globe in about 450 days, passing through oceans, rivers,_____7_____ (canal) and other bodies of water in more than 100 countries. He will swim about 5 to 12 hours each day, depending on the weather. A boat will go _____8_____ him and offer emergency support and space for small breaks. Since 2000, Strel ______9______ (swim) the entire length of five rivers in China, America, etc. Strel will not be alone in the water. He says he weles ____10____ is interested in joining him for parts of the route. 【答案】1. fastened 2. deadly 3. The 4. toughest 5. to draw 6. pollution 7. canals 8. with/behind 9. has swum 10. whoever 【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述Martin Strel在世界上最狂野的水域游泳的情況。這位61歲的馬拉松游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員宣布了他一生中最艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)：一場(chǎng)萬(wàn)英里的環(huán)球之旅，以引起公眾對(duì)日益嚴(yán)重的水污染的關(guān)注。 1.考查過(guò)去分詞。此處是with的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，with+名詞/代詞+過(guò)去分詞，a knife和fasten之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，with結(jié)構(gòu)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故答案為fastened。 2.考查形容詞。句意：Martin Strel游泳時(shí)把一把刀系在他的右腿上——以防他在世界上最狂野的水域遇到鯊魚和其他致命的海洋生物。形容詞修飾名詞，deadly“致命的”，結(jié)合句意可知答案為deadly。 3.考查冠詞。此處表示特指，故答案為The。 4.考查最高級(jí)。句意：這位61歲的馬拉松游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員宣布了他一生中最艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。結(jié)合句意可知此處用最高級(jí)，故答案為toughest。 5.考查動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：一場(chǎng)萬(wàn)英里的環(huán)球之旅，以引起公眾對(duì)日益嚴(yán)重的水污染的關(guān)注。此處是動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)，故答案為to draw。 6.考查不可數(shù)名詞。此處表示“水污染”。且pollution是不可數(shù)名詞，故答案為pollution。 7.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：他的目標(biāo)是在大約450天內(nèi)環(huán)游地球，在100多個(gè)國(guó)家通過(guò)海洋、河流、運(yùn)河和其他水體。結(jié)合句意可知此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故答案為canals。 8.考查介詞。句意：一艘船將與他一起，提供緊急支援和小休息的空間。結(jié)合句意可知答案為with/behind。 9.考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。句意：自2000年以來(lái)，Strel已經(jīng)在中國(guó)、美國(guó)等地的5條河流中暢游了。此處since“自從……以來(lái)”，所以句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)是Strel，單數(shù)第三人稱，故答案為has swum。 10.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：他說(shuō)，他歡迎任何有興趣加入他的人來(lái)參加部分路線。賓語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意可知此處是whoever“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 B 【南開(kāi)中學(xué)2018-2019學(xué)年上學(xué)期高三第一次月考】One night four college kids____11____(stay) out late, partying and having a good time. They paid no mind___12___the test they had scheduled for the next day and didnt study. In the morning, they hatched a plan to get out of____13____(take) their test. They covered___14___(they) with grease（潤(rùn)滑油）and dirt and went to the Deans office____15____(nervous).Once there, they said they____16____(be) to a wedding the previous night and on the way back they got___17___flat tire and had to push the car back to campus. The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in deep____18____(think).Then he offered them a retest three days later. They thanked him and accepted his offer. ____19____the test day arrived, they went to the Dean. The Dean put them all in separate_____20_____(room) for the test. They were fine with this since they had all studied hard. Then they saw the test. It had 2 questions. 【答案】11. stayed 12. to 13. taking 14. themselves 15. nervously 16. had been 17. a 18. thought 19. When 20. rooms 【解析】這是一篇故事類閱讀。文章講述了四名大學(xué)生由于貪玩，借故逃避考試的故事。 11.考查時(shí)態(tài)。通過(guò)閱讀文章，可知本文是在講故事，整篇文章都用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以這里也應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以填stayed。 12.考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：他們不介意第二天的考試，并且也不學(xué)習(xí)。paid no mind to不介意，該短語(yǔ)是固定短語(yǔ)，所以填to。 13.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：第二天早上，他們計(jì)劃逃避他們的考試。get out of逃避，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中，of是介詞，介詞后用v+ing形式，所以填taking。 14.考查反身代詞。句意：他們用污垢和潤(rùn)滑油覆蓋他們自己。題干中意思是“覆蓋他們自己”，用反身代詞，所以填themselves。 15.考查副詞。句意：緊張地來(lái)到院長(zhǎng)辦公室。該空修飾動(dòng)詞went，用副詞，所以填nervously。 16.考查賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。they_______(be) to a wedding the previous night作said的賓語(yǔ)，所以they________(be) to a wedding the previous night是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，主句they said用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，所以填had been。 17.考查冠詞。題干中表示“他們的一個(gè)輪胎漏氣了”，a flat tire車輪泄氣，該短語(yǔ)是固定短語(yǔ)，所以填a。 18.考查名詞。句意：院長(zhǎng)聽(tīng)著他們悲傷的故事，陷入了沉思。get lost in deep thought陷入深深的沉思，該短語(yǔ)是固定短語(yǔ)，所以填thought。 19.考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)考試來(lái)臨時(shí)，他們來(lái)到了院長(zhǎng)那里。題干中表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，所以填when。 20.考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：院長(zhǎng)把他們安排在單獨(dú)的房間。題干中表示“單獨(dú)的房間”，用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，所以填rooms。 C 【渭南尚德中學(xué)2018-2019學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】Friendship is indispensable(不可缺少的) to people’s life. A man without friends is like an angel without wings, ____21____ life will suffer in the long tolerance of loneliness and depression. Friendship is the mother of our soul, who will warm her kid if hurt ____22____ (occur). We have many things such as happiness, ____23____ (excite) and bitterness, to share with our friends in life, etc. Thus, it is important ___24____ (maintain) a true friendship. It takes many special qualities to make a friend. Understanding should e first. Only ___25___ we get a better understanding of each other can we gain ____26____authentic and meaningful friendship. It also takes a special kind of love that seems to have no end. Never hesitate to show your kindness to your friend when he/she is ____27____ trouble. Love is not selfish. Love is such a valuable quality ____28____ (give) by God that we should treasure it all our life. Tolerance is the ____29____ (three) essential part in friendship. We are ____30____ (absolute) different persons. This individual distinction may cause conflict. But just try to tolerate others so that you can maintain your friendship. 【答案】21. whose 22. occurs 23. excitement 24. to maintain 25. when 26. an 27. in 28. given 29. third 30. absolutely 【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了友誼是人們生活中不可缺少的部分，并且介紹了交朋友的三個(gè)品質(zhì)：理解、愛(ài)和容忍。 21.考査代詞。分析句子可知后半部分是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為a man，先行詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞life，要用關(guān)系代詞whose指代先行詞，故填whose。 22.考査謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞hurt，本句話用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填occurs。 23.考查名詞。由本空格前面的happiness以及后面的bitterness可知，這里應(yīng)該填excite的名詞形式。故填excitement。 24.考查不定式。由it is+形容詞+to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu)可知這里填不定式，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。故填to maintain。 25.考查連詞。句意：只有當(dāng)我們更好地相互了解，我們才能獲得一份真摯和有意義的友誼。根據(jù)句意可知此處需要when表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故填when。 26.考查冠詞。句意：只有當(dāng)我們更好地相互了解，我們才能獲得一份真摯和有意義的友誼。friendship 是抽象名詞，抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)的，但當(dāng)它前面有修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)其前面可加冠詞a或者an。又因?yàn)閍uthentic是元音開(kāi)頭，所以此處填冠詞an，故填an。 27.考査介詞。in trouble 意為“在困難中"，為固定搭配。故填in。 28.考查非謂語(yǔ)。此處本句已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is，故give在此作非謂語(yǔ)。又由后面的“by God”可知是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞given作后置定語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾名詞quality，故填given。 29.考査序數(shù)詞。根據(jù)上文提到交朋友的兩個(gè)品質(zhì)：理解和愛(ài)，可知此處容忍是第三個(gè)品質(zhì)，所以此處應(yīng)用three的序數(shù)詞third，表示“第三個(gè)” 故填third。 30.考査副詞。此處用于修飾空格后的形容詞different，要用副詞absolutely來(lái)修飾形容詞different，故填absolutely。 D Baidu is not a doctor 【河北衡水中學(xué)2018-2019學(xué)年度上學(xué)期高三年級(jí)期中】When people ___31___ (face) with health or nutrition questions, it is ___32___ (increasing) mon to go online and diagnose themselves. But the Internet is full of conflicting health warnings with no regulation to get rid of the wrong advice, some of which ___33___ (be) extremely dangerous! Also, search engines rank results by ___34___ (popular) rather than accuracy, so solid facts can be tricky to find. It is worth ___35___ (check) if the writer of an online piece is properly qualified as an expert. Anyone can call ___36___ (they) a “diet expert”, “nutritionist” and even a “doctor” — given it could refer to qualifications like a PhD. But remember, only officially ___37___ (recognize) practicing doctors as well as dietitians have degrees in giving medical ___38___ (suggest). So if you are unsure and still wondering ___39___ the chocolate diet really does work or not, then it pays to make ___40___ appointment with your dietician or doctor. The truth is out there, and you just need to look in the right place! 【答案】31. are faced 32. increasingly 33. is 34. popularity 35. checking 36. themselves 37. recognized /recognised 38. suggestions 39. whether 40. an 【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。當(dāng)很多人有健康或營(yíng)養(yǎng)方面的問(wèn)題時(shí)，他們會(huì)直接去百度搜索，自我診斷。這其實(shí)是不科學(xué)的，因?yàn)樗阉饕娴慕Y(jié)果是按照受歡迎的程度而不是按照準(zhǔn)確性來(lái)排序的。因此百度不是醫(yī)生，遇到問(wèn)題，最好和醫(yī)生預(yù)約，去應(yīng)該去的地方。 31.考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)人們面對(duì)健康或營(yíng)養(yǎng)問(wèn)題時(shí)，上網(wǎng)和自我診斷越來(lái)越普遍。be faced with…為固定搭配，意為“面對(duì)……”，本句的主語(yǔ)是people是集合名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，又因本文時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此填are faced。 32.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用increasing的副詞形式修飾形容詞mon，因此填increasingly。 33.考查主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的主語(yǔ)是“some of which”，which指代前面的不可數(shù)名詞advice，因此本小題要用單數(shù)形式，故be動(dòng)詞要用is。 34.考查名詞。本空是后面的名詞accuracy進(jìn)行對(duì)比，所以本空也要用popular的名詞形式。因此填popularity。 35.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。sth. be worth doing為固定搭配，意為“值得做某事”，所以本空要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式，故填checking。 36.考查反身代詞。句意：任何人都可以稱自己為“飲食專家”。call oneself 可譯為“自稱……”，因此本空填themselves。 37.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處表示官方認(rèn)可的，邏輯主語(yǔ)是doctors，它和recognise二間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞recognized / recognised。 38.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和名詞的復(fù)數(shù)?？崭裉幾鞣侵^語(yǔ)giving的賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用名詞形式，指只有被官方認(rèn)可的醫(yī)生才有資格給出醫(yī)學(xué)建議，故填suggestions。 39.考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：如果你不能確定，仍然想知道巧克力飲食是否會(huì)起作用……，賓語(yǔ)從句成分完整，在wondering后面表示不確定應(yīng)用whether，意為“是否“，因此填whether。 40.考查冠詞。make an appointment為固定搭配，意為“與某人有約定，與某人有約會(huì)”、此處表示和醫(yī)生預(yù)約，是泛指概念。因此填an。