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1、Module 4A Social Survey My Neighborhood 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成： have (has) +過去分過去分詞詞 John has broken his left leg.Ive just copied all the new words.She hasnt f

2、inished her homework yet.I have never seen him before Have you ever made dumplings? Yes, I have.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時，常與對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時，常與時間副詞時間副詞already(已經(jīng)已經(jīng)) ，yet(還、已經(jīng)還、已經(jīng)) ，just(剛剛、僅僅剛剛、僅僅) ，ever(曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)) ，never(從不從不) ，before(以前以前)等連用。等連用。2. 持續(xù)性用法（肯定句，疑問句中

3、謂語持續(xù)性用法（肯定句，疑問句中謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞）：）：表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。此時常與或狀態(tài)。此時常與 “for 一段時間一段時間” 或或“since過去的點(diǎn)時間或從句過去的點(diǎn)時間或從句(從句用一從句用一般過去時般過去時) ”以及以及so far(到目前為止到目前為止)等時等時間狀語連用間狀語連用。 Ive lived here since 1990 自從自從1990年以來我就住在這里。年以來我就住在這里。 = Ive lived here since 13 years ago.= Ive lived here

4、for 13 years.= It is 13 years since I began to live here.按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞。1. He has already finished his homework.（改為否定句）（改為否定句） He _ finished his homework _. 2They have found the lost books already. （改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答）（改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答） _ they _ the lost books _？No，they_ hasntyetHavefoundalr

5、eadyhavent3. Julia has not got home from school yet（改為肯定句）（改為肯定句） Julia _ _ _ home from school 4. You have never been to Shanghai before, _ _?（改為反意疑問句）（改為反意疑問句） 5. Hes gone to Beijing, _ _?（改（改為反意疑問句）為反意疑問句）has already got havent youhashe6. Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999. （改為同

6、義句）（改為同義句） Mr Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999. 7. I havent seen him for three years. (同義同義句句) I _ _ _ since three years ago.8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (對劃線提問對劃線提問)has taught havent seen himHow long have they lived here?高考真題高考真題C1. - _ David and Vicky _ married? - For about

7、 three years. (北京北京2003) A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; getD2. It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this school. (2011湖南湖南) A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended3. When you are home, give a call to l

8、et me know you _ safely. (2010全國課標(biāo)全國課標(biāo)I) A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arriveB4. Up to now, the program _ thousand of children who would otherwise have died. (2010山東山東) A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved D一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或一般過去時表示過去某時

9、發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。一般過去時的常用時間狀語：一般過去時的常用時間狀語：yesterday, last week, ago, in 1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語；等，皆為具體的時間狀語；而現(xiàn)在完成時的常用時間狀語：而現(xiàn)在完成時的常用時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to no

10、w 等，一般為一段時間。等，一般為一段時間?，F(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如：或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如：live, teach, learn, work, study, know等；等；而一般過去時長用非持續(xù)性動詞，如：而一般過去時長用非持續(xù)性動詞，如：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。等。延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞：延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞：1. 延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞可以與表示一段時間的狀可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如語連用，如: live,

11、 study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等等2. 非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞 (終止性動詞終止性動詞/短暫性動詞短暫性動詞) 不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,如如: come, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。等。非延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞1. a

12、rrivebe here leavebe away start be on finish be over openbe open marrybe married put onbe on 2. put onwear borrowkeep buyhave catch a coldhave a coldI saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間）（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，即電影的內(nèi)容（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，即電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so e

13、arly? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過）（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生過）Who hasnt handed in his paper? （有人卷子未交，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）（有人卷子未交，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果）He has been in the league for three years. （在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù)）（在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù)）He has been a league member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù)）（是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)，可持續(xù)）用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型It is the first / second time that 在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成在

14、這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：時。如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.This is the first time Ive heard him sing.This is + 形容詞最高級形容詞最高級 + that在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：成時。如：This is the best film that Ive ever seen. Recall the sentences from A Lively City, and fill in the blanks with on

15、e proper words.1. I _ quite a lot of China 2. I _ some beautiful cities.3. They _ just completed it.4. They _ a lot of high-rise buildings recently.have seenhave visitedhavehave put up5. A friend _ me about a nice little fish restaurant near here.6. This is the first time I _ visited your hometown.7

16、. This is one of the most attractive places I _ to.have toldhavehave beenTranslate these sentences into English.1. 湯姆回來了。湯姆回來了。湯姆回來一個多星期了。湯姆回來一個多星期了。Tom has come back.Tom has been back for over a week.2. 你今天下午什么時候離開學(xué)校的？你今天下午什么時候離開學(xué)校的？ 你離開學(xué)校多久了？你離開學(xué)校多久了？When did you leave school this afternoon?How lo

17、ng have you been away from school?3. 他在他在1998年買了這輛自行車。年買了這輛自行車。 他自從來到我們學(xué)校就買了這輛他自從來到我們學(xué)校就買了這輛自行車。自行車。He bought the bike in 1998.He has had the bike since he came to our school.4. 上個月我借了這本書。上個月我借了這本書。 這本書我借了一個月了。這本書我借了一個月了。I borrowed the book last month.I have kept the book for a month.5. 電影是半小時之前開始的。

18、電影是半小時之前開始的。 電影已放映半小時了。電影已放映半小時了。The film began half an hour ago.The film has been on for half an hour.Progress _ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time. （全國（全國高考）高考） A. wasB. had been C. has beenD. will be解析：解析：由時間狀語由時間狀語so far可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時?？芍揪鋺?yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。 課文原文課文原文: You

19、know, Ive seen quite a lot of China and Ive visited some beautiful cities, .CThis is the first time we _ a film in thecinema together as a family.（陜西高考）（陜西高考） A. seeB. had seen C. sawD. have seen 解析：解析： 在在This / It is the first / second . time that從句中，從句中，that從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。句意為：這是第一次我們?nèi)?/p>

20、家人一起到電影院句意為：這是第一次我們?nèi)胰艘黄鸬诫娪霸嚎措娪啊？措娪啊?課文原文課文原文: And this is the first time Ive visited your hometown.D Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. （全國（全國高考）高考） A. has joinedB. joins C. had joinedD. joined解析解析 考查主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，考查主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，since引導(dǎo)的從句引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時這一結(jié)構(gòu)。用一般過去時這

21、一結(jié)構(gòu)。 課文原文：課文原文： It has been six years since we last saw each other, you know.DSallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre, _?（上海高考）（上海高考） A. hasnt sheB. has she C. isnt sheD. is she 解析：解析：句中出現(xiàn)了否定副詞句中出現(xiàn)了否定副詞never,因此這是一個否因此這是一個否定句，故在變反意疑問句時要用肯定形式，故可排定句，故在變反意疑問句時要用肯定形式，故可排除除A、C；又因?yàn)?；又因?yàn)镾allys是是Sally has的縮寫，即是現(xiàn)的縮寫，即是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，故選在完成時態(tài)，故選has she。 課文原文：課文原文： Mr. Yang, youre from Nanchang, arent you?B