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廣 師 天 河 學(xué) 院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計文獻(xiàn)綜述
題 目: 折疊式自行車的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計
系 別: 機電工程系
專 業(yè): 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
學(xué)生姓名: 張奇志
學(xué) 號: 2010030743207
指導(dǎo)教師: 朱亞峰
2013年11月3日
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 文 獻(xiàn) 綜 述
1. 引言
隨著化石能源的繼續(xù)開采,化石能源的儲量已化為一場能源危機。而在過去的幾年里,我國大部分城市出現(xiàn)霧霾天氣,PM2.5危害人類健康,這與人類使用化石能源過多息息相關(guān)。在生活上,汽車尾氣的排放更是其中最為主要的原因。就目前的環(huán)境問題,國內(nèi)外許多環(huán)保人士提出了眾多意見和建議,尤其是在歐洲的發(fā)達(dá)國家中,提倡用自行車取代汽車,作為進(jìn)程路線的代步工具,從而做到節(jié)能減排,保護(hù)環(huán)境,防止因使用汽車而導(dǎo)致廢氣的排放。哥本哈根更是走在歐洲各國的最前端,政府大力支持自行車行業(yè)的發(fā)展,鼓勵民眾選擇使用自行車作為代步工具。上世紀(jì)90年代以來,世界各國的自行車體育事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,自行車比賽更是數(shù)不勝數(shù),優(yōu)秀的自行車運動員層出不窮。
當(dāng)今,自行車的功能趨于多元化,各式各樣的自行車相繼出現(xiàn)在市場上,自行車也在更高層次的休閑娛樂、運動健身方面有無可替代的地位。故而需要我們根據(jù)需要的人群去改進(jìn)設(shè)計,以滿足用戶的需求。從自行車的發(fā)展來看,應(yīng)著力向個性化設(shè)計、減輕自重、操縱方便方向發(fā)展,尤其體現(xiàn)在折疊式自行車上。折疊自行車主要作為短途交通工具使用,并且起著其他交通不可代替的作用。
2.正文
2.1 國內(nèi)自行車的發(fā)展概況
我國是世界上最大的自行車生產(chǎn)國,自1979年以來就穩(wěn)居世界第一。一直以來自行車停放問題并沒有得到很好的解決。而近幾年,科技人員不斷探索和創(chuàng)新設(shè)計,根據(jù)市場需求和生活方便,設(shè)計出結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,設(shè)計靈巧,便于攜帶的折疊自行車很好地解決了這個問題。
然而,受2009年金融風(fēng)暴的影響,國內(nèi)自行車行業(yè)遭遇了冷凍時期。出口依存度較高的自行車產(chǎn)業(yè)因此受到了較大沖擊,回落和調(diào)整成為當(dāng)前自行車行業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)運行的基本特征。一方面,生產(chǎn)、出口均創(chuàng)十幾年來最大降幅;另一方面,出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、出口平均單價、國內(nèi)市場需求等方面也正經(jīng)歷新的調(diào)整,行業(yè)發(fā)展水平持續(xù)提升。
2010年年底,伴隨著各國經(jīng)濟(jì)的逐漸復(fù)蘇,自行車行業(yè)發(fā)展態(tài)勢出現(xiàn)新的契機,生產(chǎn)和出口大幅下降的趨勢開始扭轉(zhuǎn)。折疊自行車也隨著科技的進(jìn)步而造型逐漸多樣化。由于采用了新的材料和新的結(jié)構(gòu),折疊自行車變得更輕便,折疊體積更小,外型更美觀,結(jié)構(gòu)更結(jié)實耐用。而折疊自行車的發(fā)展以人性化、功能綜合化、自重輕量化、發(fā)展款式多樣化發(fā)展,并形成高、中、低檔次格局。
2.2 國外自行車的發(fā)展概況
折疊自行車是上世紀(jì)3 0 年代在歐洲起源于軍事用途并伴隨著轎車的普及和城市人口的增多而發(fā)展起來的,近些年由于采用各種新材料新技術(shù)及結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新從而使之體積更小、重量更輕、更結(jié)實耐用。在眾多歐美國家城市化發(fā)展后期,自行車用戶不斷增加,提倡環(huán)保,節(jié)能減排更是全球的主要話題。尤其體現(xiàn)在歐洲國家,哥本哈根更是為自行車行駛劃出專用通道。荷蘭、法國等西歐各國的一些城市統(tǒng)計表明,即使小汽車擁有量達(dá)到1 -2 輛/戶的水平,在出行交通結(jié)構(gòu)中,小汽車也只占一半左右,其余為公共交通和自行車之和。出口普遍下降。
行車全年累計出口4611.5 萬輛, 同比下降18.5%, 降幅為1986 年以來最大;2009 年2 月,自行車出口量僅為238.8 萬輛,同比下降42.9%,創(chuàng)金融危機爆發(fā)以來單月出口最大降幅。而出口產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)也出現(xiàn)了明顯的變化,并且主要出口市場普遍萎縮,中亞、中東、北非、南亞等地區(qū)的發(fā)展中國家市場需求卻實現(xiàn)了較快增長。這些地區(qū)自行車生產(chǎn)國出口情況及出口增長統(tǒng)計表:
出口產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的變化至少說明了兩個問題:一是金融危機下,消費者代步型需求增加,休閑型需求減少。二是國外高檔自行車在國內(nèi)的代工增加。
在工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的國家,自行車的功能主要在于運動、健身、娛樂、旅游及休閑的工具。由于要求經(jīng)常隨身攜帶,要求其折疊體積小巧,質(zhì)量更輕,折疊或者展開操作更簡便。另外,折疊自行車必須還要符合人機工程學(xué),不可以因為要減少體積而放棄對操作舒適度和安全系數(shù)的要求。并且,避震系統(tǒng)和變速系統(tǒng)將會依據(jù)新型材料更好配置到必要配件中。
2.3 折疊式自行車發(fā)展前景
隨著時間的發(fā)展,中國的自行車類型也出現(xiàn)了多元化、多樣化發(fā)展的局面,借鑒西方發(fā)達(dá)國家的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷,折疊式自行車勢必成為今后世界各國交通不可或缺,并占據(jù)極大比重的交通出行方式。折疊式自行車以其獨特的符合國情的優(yōu)勢將會出現(xiàn)很大的發(fā)展空間。目前市面上出現(xiàn)的使用單列向心球軸承、輻板結(jié)構(gòu)及獨創(chuàng)的分體小飛輪的應(yīng)用,更是解決了自行車受傳動比的限制。騎行操控性、舒適性、安全性均令人非常滿意,完全可以成為人類的代步工具,成為上班族、老人、小孩、有車族的時尚選擇,有著誘人的市場前景。
折疊式自行車應(yīng)滿足:(1)質(zhì)量輕;(2)折后體積小、形狀規(guī)則、方便攜帶、不怕擠壓;(3)展開時輪距要足夠大,應(yīng)有良好的縱向穩(wěn)定性,車架尺寸合理,騎行舒適,調(diào)整范圍大,適于不同人使用;(4)傳動變速比應(yīng)保證正常騎行速度;(5)收起、展開方便快捷,無須太用力,操作程序簡單;(6)材料精良、做工精致、質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定,折疊鉸鏈加工精度高,長時間使用安全可靠;(7)色彩豐富。能滿足消費者需求越多的設(shè)計,就是巧妙和成功的設(shè)計。隨著功能設(shè)計的完善、加工質(zhì)量的提高、輕質(zhì)材料的使用,折疊自行車一定會穩(wěn)步地迎來快速發(fā)展時期。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 陳 懇 《對折疊自行車設(shè)計和開發(fā)的思考》(J)中國自行車,2004.3
[2] 周申芳 《國外自行車材料的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀及趨勢》(J) 國外窗口,2008.4
[3] 樂平,從出口情況看自行車未來發(fā)展(J) 中國自行車,2009,1
[4] 中國自行車協(xié)會秘書處 《我國自行車行業(yè)2009年經(jīng)濟(jì)運行概況》(J)
中國自行車,2010.3
[5] 陳禎永,2009年的芬蘭自行車市場(J) 中國自行車,2010,4
[6] 鄧衛(wèi)斌,黃景明 《自行車折疊設(shè)計探討研究》(J)
科技資訊 2010(31)
廣東技術(shù)師范學(xué)院天河學(xué)院
本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯譯文
學(xué)生姓名 張奇志
院(系) 廣東技術(shù)師范學(xué)院天河學(xué)院
專業(yè)班級 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
指導(dǎo)教師 朱亞峰
完成日期 2013年10月23日
Machinery Design and Manufacture
Machinery Design as a key component of mechanical engineering, has a long history and a complete system. With the development of mechanical design technology and the continuous improvement of technical level, the traditional design of mechanical design technology has been unable to meet the current dynamism and innovation requirements. The traditional mechanical design technology is reviewed and the connotation of modern mechanical design technology, the application and the inner link between them, this paper expounds the mechanical design and the trend of the development of technology. Pointed out that the development of mechanical industry at the same time, the key is the development and application of modern mechanical design technology, and optimization of mechanical design technology is imperative.
Machinery Design is based on the requirement, in view of the mechanical motion way, structure principle and balance of force and energy transfer and material and size of each components and overall consideration lubrication method, etc., make a comprehensive analysis and calculation, eventually into a specific description of the corresponding work of the design process. Mechanical design as a key component of mechanical engineering, plays a very important role in mechanical properties. Machinery design work quality and the quality of the product performance such as associated directly, and with the research cycle and the relationship between technical and economic benefit is very important. Traditional mechanical design techniques are often based on the design of the experience, as a whole by using mathematics and mechanics formula and chart, etc. As real as the design basis, according to the empirical formula and design, in the form of approximation coefficients and the design method of choice, more is given priority to with static design, use more intuitive design and experience design, this way the function of the products have been unable to meet the current needs and market requirements. Current design technology is based on computer technology, based on the network, in the modern management theory, according to a new mechanical design theory and method, the real achieve optimization and implementation results, has become a kind of quantitative dynamic scientific design pattern, the entire design process automation and efficiency, the main characteristics of two aspects.
Machinery Design manufacturing and automation development direction of our country from the early 1980 s began to mechanical design and manufacturing and its automation development direction of the research and application work, some research institutions and large and medium-sized enterprises for the development and application of this technology have done a lot of work, and achieved some results. But compared with advanced countries such as Japan, there are still quite a gap. Any science is composed of basic theory, technology and engineering system perfect system. Mechanical automation in terms of technology and engineering system has great development, but the basic theory is still developing, is still very incomplete. So the future development direction has the following several aspects.
1.The mechanical and electrical integration
Mechanical and electrical integration is the development of mechanical automation and extension, the traditional only to the integration of mechanical and electrical machinery products, is the only way out of the machinery industry development.
2.Intelligent
Intelligent mechanical automation technology development in the 21st century is an important development direction. Here Intelligence is the description of machine behavior, is in the control theory, on the basis of absorption of artificial intelligence, operations research, computer science, fuzzy mathematics, psychology, physiology and new ideas, new methods, such as mixed Tun dynamics, simulation human intelligence, giving it a judgment reasoning, logical thinking, autonomous decision-making ability, to ensure our higher control goals. Admittedly, mechanical automation products have low intelligence, or one part of the intelligence, is entirely possible and necessary.
3.Modularity
Modularity is an important and arduous project. Due to mechanical automation products and manufacturers, research and development has a standard mechanical interface, electrical interfaces, power, environmental interface mechanical automation products unit is a very complicated but it is very important thing. As research integrating slows, intelligent, motor power unit, has a vision, image processing, identification and ranging, and other functions of the control unit can be done as well as a variety of typical operating mechanism. In this way, can use a standard cell rapidly develop new products, at the same time also can expand the scale of production. Obviously, from electrical products to be sure the benefits of standardization, seriation, standard mechanical automation units for production enterprise, or the production of mechanical automation, modularization will bring bright future to mechanical automation companies.
4.Network
In the 1990 s, the outstanding achievement of computer technology is network technology. The rise of the network technology and the rapid development for science and technology, industrial production, the political, military, education, and the People's Daily life are of great change. All kinds of network to the global economy, production into an organic whole, the competition between enterprises are tending to globalization. Mechanical automation once developed new products, as long as its function and original, quality is reliable, soon will sell all over the world. Due to the popularity of the network, based on the network in all kinds of remote control and monitoring technology, and remote control of the terminal equipment is mechanical automation products. Fieldbus and LAN technology to make home appliances networking has become a trend. Using the home network connect all kinds of household electrical appliances into computer integrated appliances for the center with the computer system, make people fully enjoy all kinds of high technology in the home bring convenience and happy. Therefore, mechanical automation products will no doubt in the direction of network development.
5.Miniaturization
Miniaturization emerged in the late 1980 s, refers to the mechanical automation to the trend of the development of the micro field. Called microelectronics mechanical systems abroad, or micro mechanical automation system, referring to the geometric size of no more than 1 cm3 mechanical automation products, and to the micro and nanoscale development. Micro mechanical automation products small size, less energy consumption, flexible movement, in the biological medical, military, information has incomparable advantages. The bottleneck of micro mechanical automation development lies in the micro mechanical technology, micro mechanical automation product processing in fine processing technology, the ultra precision technology, it includes two categories, lithography and etching technology.
6.Greening
Industrial developed to has brought great changes in people's life. On the one hand, material is rich, comfortable; On the other hand, resource decrease, the ecological environment suffered serious pollution. So, people call for protection of the environment resources, return to nature. Green product concept arises at the historic moment under this voice, color change is the trend of The Times. Green products in the design, manufacture, use and destruction of life in the process, in particular the requirement of environment protection and human health, the ecological environment harmless or the harm is few, the highest utilization rate of resources. Design of green machinery automation products, has broad development prospects. Mechanical automation products of greening is mainly directed is polluting the environment, scrap can be recycled after.
7.Personalization
Mechanical automation in the future pay more attention to products and the relationship between the people, the personification of the mechanical automation has two meanings: one is mechanical automation products eventually use object is a person, how to give mechanical automation of intelligence, emotion, human nature is more and more important, especially for domestic robots, the top boundary is the man-machine integration; Another layer is to imitate the biological mechanism, the development of all kinds of mechanical automation products, and, in fact many mechanical automation products are inspired by animals developed.
In today's society science and technology changes with each passing day, various new technologies appear constantly, and mechanical design along with the science and technology content of products, mechanical design of the technical level of the competition is already hots up, in the fierce market competition, to be in the invincible position, must continue to improve technology, reduce costs, improve work efficiency, also is the developing trend of mechanical design methods and direction.
With the development of science and technology, the popularity of computer network technology, mechanical design methods have substantial change, new results not abundant thoughts of mechanical design, theory and methods, to promote the development of mechanical design and change. The general mechanical designer, should constantly update the design thinking and method, the better use of modern science and technology, constantly improve the design level, promote the competitiveness of the market.
外文中文翻譯:
機械設(shè)計與制造
機械設(shè)計作為機械工程的一個關(guān)鍵組成部分,具有較悠久的歷史和完整的系統(tǒng)。隨著機械設(shè)計技術(shù)的發(fā)展和技術(shù)水平的不斷提高,過去傳統(tǒng)的機械設(shè)計技術(shù)已經(jīng)無法滿足當(dāng)前設(shè)計動態(tài)化和創(chuàng)新化得要求。綜述了傳統(tǒng)機械設(shè)計技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代機械設(shè)計技術(shù)的內(nèi)涵、應(yīng)用及它們之間內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,闡述了機械設(shè)計技術(shù)未來的發(fā)展趨勢。同時指出當(dāng)前機械工業(yè)的發(fā)展,關(guān)鍵是開發(fā)、應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代機械設(shè)計技術(shù),而優(yōu)化機械設(shè)計技術(shù)已勢在必行。
機械設(shè)計是依據(jù)使用要求,針對機械工作結(jié)構(gòu)原理及運動方式,兼顧力和能量的傳遞和各器件的材質(zhì)及尺寸,同時統(tǒng)籌考慮潤滑方法等情況,進(jìn)行綜合分析和計算,最終轉(zhuǎn)化成為具體的描述的相應(yīng)工作設(shè)計過程。機械設(shè)計作為機械工程的一個關(guān)鍵組成部分, 在機械性能方面起著十分重要的作用。機械設(shè)計工作的質(zhì)量和機械產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量性能等直接相關(guān)聯(lián),并與研究周期以及技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有著十分重要的關(guān)系。傳統(tǒng)的機械設(shè)計技術(shù)往往以經(jīng)驗總結(jié)作為設(shè)計基礎(chǔ),統(tǒng)籌運用數(shù)學(xué)及力學(xué)既有公式和圖表等作為實際為設(shè)計依據(jù),根據(jù)經(jīng)驗公式以及近似系數(shù)等方式進(jìn)行設(shè)計,在設(shè)計方法選擇上,多以靜態(tài)設(shè)計為主,多采用直覺設(shè)計和經(jīng)驗設(shè)計,這種方式已經(jīng)無法滿足當(dāng)前產(chǎn)品的功能需要以及市場要求。當(dāng)前設(shè)計技術(shù)是以計算機技術(shù)為依托,以網(wǎng)絡(luò)為基礎(chǔ),在現(xiàn)代管理理論支撐下,根據(jù)全新的機械設(shè)計理論、和方法,真正達(dá)到和實現(xiàn)計算結(jié)果最優(yōu)化,已經(jīng)成為一種定量動態(tài)化得科學(xué)設(shè)計模式,整個設(shè)計過程具有自動化和高效化兩方面的主要特點。
機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化的發(fā)展方向我國從20 世紀(jì)80 年代初才開始機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化發(fā)展方向這方面的研究和應(yīng)用工作,研究機構(gòu)及一些大中型企業(yè)對這一技術(shù)的發(fā)展及應(yīng)用做了大量的工作,并取得了一定的成果。但與日本等先進(jìn)國家相比,仍有相當(dāng)差距。任何一門科學(xué)都是由基礎(chǔ)理論、技術(shù)和工程系統(tǒng)組成的完善體系。機械自動化在技術(shù)和工程系統(tǒng)方面已有很大的發(fā)展,但基礎(chǔ)理論方面尚在發(fā)展中,還很不完備。所以今后的發(fā)展方向有如下幾個方面。
4.1 機電一體化
機電一體化就是機械自動化的發(fā)展和延伸,傳統(tǒng)的機械產(chǎn)品只有向機電一體化方向發(fā)展,才是機械工業(yè)發(fā)展的唯一出路。
4.2 智能化
智能化是21 世紀(jì)機械自動化技術(shù)發(fā)展的一個重要發(fā)展方向。這里所說的“智能化” 是對機器行為的描述,是在控制理論的基礎(chǔ)上,吸收人工智能、運籌學(xué)、計算機科學(xué)、模糊數(shù)學(xué)、心理學(xué)、生理學(xué)和混飩動力學(xué)等新思想、新方法, 模擬人類智能,使它具有判斷推理、邏輯思維、自主決策等能力,以求得更高的控制目標(biāo)。誠然,使機械自動化產(chǎn)品具有低級智能或人的部分智能,則是完全可能而又必要的。
4.3 模塊化
模塊化是一項重要而又艱巨的工程。由于機械自動化產(chǎn)品種類和生產(chǎn)廠家繁多,研制和開發(fā)具有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機械接口、電氣接口、動力接口、環(huán)境接口的機械自動化產(chǎn)品單元是一項十分復(fù)雜但又是非常重要的事。如研制集減速、智能減速、電動機于一體的動力單元,具有視覺、圖像處理、識別和測距等功能的控制單元以及各種能完成典型操作的機械裝置。這樣,可利用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)單元迅速開發(fā)出新的產(chǎn)品,同時也可擴大生產(chǎn)規(guī)模。顯然,從電氣產(chǎn)品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、系列化帶來的好處可以肯定,無論是對生產(chǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機械自動化單元的企業(yè),還是對生產(chǎn)機械自動化產(chǎn)品的企業(yè),模塊化將給機械自動化企業(yè)帶來美好的前程。
4.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化
20 世紀(jì)90 年代,計算機技術(shù)的突出成就是網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的興起和飛速發(fā)展給科學(xué)技術(shù)、工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、政治、軍事、教育以及人們?nèi)粘I顜砹司薮蟮淖兏?。各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)將全球經(jīng)濟(jì)、生產(chǎn)連成一體,企業(yè)間的競爭也趨于全球化。機械自動化的新產(chǎn)品一旦研制出來,只要其功能獨到,質(zhì)量可靠,很快會暢銷全球。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的普及,基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的各種遠(yuǎn)程控制和監(jiān)測技術(shù)方興未艾,而遠(yuǎn)程控制的終端設(shè)備本身就是機械自動化產(chǎn)品?,F(xiàn)場總線和局域網(wǎng)技術(shù)使家用電器網(wǎng)絡(luò)化已成大勢。利用家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)將各種家用電器連接成以計算機為中心的計算機集成家電系統(tǒng),使人們在家里充分享受各種高技術(shù)帶來的便利和快樂。因此,機械自動化產(chǎn)品無疑將朝著網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展。
4.5 微型化
微型化興起于20 世紀(jì)80 年代末,指的是機械自動化向微觀領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的趨勢。國外將其稱為微電子機械系統(tǒng),或微機械自動化系統(tǒng),泛指幾何尺寸不超過1 cm3 的機械自動化產(chǎn)品,并向微米、納米級發(fā)展。微機械自動化產(chǎn)品體積小、耗能少、運動靈活, 在生物醫(yī)療、軍事、信息等方面具有不可比擬的優(yōu)勢。微機械自動化發(fā)展的瓶頸在于微機械技術(shù),微機械自動化產(chǎn)品的加工采用精細(xì)加工技術(shù),即超精密技術(shù),它包括光刻技術(shù)和蝕刻技術(shù)兩類。
4.6 綠色化
工業(yè)的發(fā)達(dá)給人們生活帶來了巨大的變化。一方面,物質(zhì)豐富,生活舒適;另一方面,資源減少,生態(tài)環(huán)境受到嚴(yán)重污染。于是,人們呼吁保護(hù)環(huán)境資源,歸自然。綠色產(chǎn)品概念在這種呼聲下應(yīng)運而生,色化是時代的趨勢。綠色產(chǎn)品在其設(shè)計、制造、使用和銷毀的生命過程中, 符合特定的環(huán)境保護(hù)和人類健康的要求,對生態(tài)環(huán)境無害或危害極少,資源利用率最高。設(shè)計綠色的機械自動化產(chǎn)品,具有遠(yuǎn)大的發(fā)展前途。機械自動化產(chǎn)品的綠色化主要是指使用時不污染環(huán)境,報廢后能回收利用。
4.7 人格化
未來的機械自動化更加注重產(chǎn)品與人的關(guān)系,機械自動化的人格化有兩層含義:一層是機械自動化產(chǎn)品的最終使用對象是人,如何賦予機械自動化的智能、情感、人性顯得越來越重要,別是對家用機器人,其高層境界就是人機一體化;另一層是模仿生物機理、研制各種機械自動化產(chǎn)品,實事上,許多機械自動化產(chǎn)品都是受動物的啟發(fā)研制出來的。
當(dāng)今社會科技日新月異,各種新技術(shù)不斷出現(xiàn),機械設(shè)計產(chǎn)品的隨科技含量不斷增強,機械設(shè)計技術(shù)水平的競爭已經(jīng)趨于白熱化,在激烈的市場競爭中,要處于不敗之地,必須不斷改進(jìn)技術(shù)、降低成本、提高工作效率,些也是當(dāng)前機械設(shè)計方法的發(fā)展趨勢和方向。
隨著科技的發(fā)展,計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的普及,機械設(shè)計方法已經(jīng)有了實質(zhì)性改變,新成果不豐富著機械設(shè)計的思想、論以及方法,促進(jìn)了機械設(shè)計發(fā)展和變革。廣大機械設(shè)計師,應(yīng)不斷更新設(shè)計思維和方法,更好地運用現(xiàn)代科技,不斷提高設(shè)計水平,提升市場競爭力。