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BackgroundKnowledgeReadingSkillsTextUnderstandingFocusonLanguage,Oedipus,BackgroundKnowledge,1,1,,,,BackgroundKnowledge,Oedipus,OedipusisthesonofKingLaiusandQueenJocastaofThebes.Becauseoftheoraclethathewouldkillhisfatherandmarryhismother,hewasleftonahillside,butwasrescuedandbroughtupasthesonofkingofCorinth.Hearingtheoracle,OedipusleftCorinth.WhiletravelinghemetandkilledLaius,withoutrecognizinghim.,1,,,,BackgroundKnowledge,1,Oedipus,AfterriddingThebesoftheSphinx,hemarriedJocastaandbecameking,unwillinglyfulfillingtheoracle.Laterrealizingthetruthofhisbirth,hestabbedouthiseyesandwentintoexilewithhisdaughterAntigoneasguide.HisstorywasusedbySophoclesin“OedipusRex”and“OedipusatColonus”.,1,,,,BackgroundKnowledge,1,Whenweread,itisalmostcertainthatwewillcomeacrossnewwords.Shallweconsultthedictionaryeverytime?Notnecessarily.Infact,therearemanywaystofindoutthemeaningsofnewwords.Youmaystartfromwordformation.Thatistosay,youmaytakethebasicpartoftheword,andgetitsmeaningfromtheprefix,suffix,orthepartsthatcombinetoformthewords.,FindingouttheMeaningofWords,ReadingSkills,1,,,,1,Anotherwayistomakeuseofthecluesgivenbythecontext.Inotherwords,thetextitselfmayexplainthemeaningofacertainwordbyusingexpressionssimilarinmeaningoroppositeinmeaning.Thetextmayalsousesimplerwordstodefineitortogiveexamplestoillustratethepoint.,FindingouttheMeaningofWords,ReadingSkills,1,,,,1,,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.1)…Ihaveheardthisquestion:fromanEnglishmajor,fromastrangeronthestreet,…,fromadarkshadowbesidemeoneeveningatanEnglishcorner.(Para.1)Theword“shadow”means________________________________.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,,,,1,thedarkimagecast,byanobject影子,,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.2)Ihateitbecauseitseemscompletelyreasonablebutisactuallyatrap….(Para.3)Theword“completely”means___________.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,,,,1,totally完全地,,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.3)Whatevertheyarereallyaskingfor,itfeelslikethey’reaskingforaquicksolutionthatwillfixalltheirmistakesandexpandtheirvocabularyineasysteps.(Para.6)Theword“solution”means__________________________________________________.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,,,,1,awaytosolve,aproblemordealwithsomethingdifficult解決辦法,,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.4)Keepyourplansflexible.Knowyourweaknessesandstrongpoints;makeyourschemematchthelanguageyouarestudying…(Para.11)Theword“scheme”means______________________________________.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,,,,1,asystematicplanofaction計(jì)劃，策略,,Trytofigureoutthemeaningsofthewordsinitalicsinthefollowingsentencesinthetext.YoushouldgiveanswersinbothEnglishandChinese.5)Finally,Itrytowarnmystudentsagainstdiscouragement.(Para.12)Theword“discouragement”means_____________________________________________________.,ReadingComprehension,TextUnderstanding,1,,,,1,whenyounolongerfeelconfidentorwillingtodosomething氣餒,1.…fromanEnglishmajor,fromastrangeronthestreet,fromabravesoulstandinginthemiddleofalargelecturehall,fromadarkshadowbesidemeoneeveningatanEnglishcorner.(Para.1)Here,fourprepositionalphrasesintroducedby“from”createastructureofparallelism.Ingrammar,parallelismisabalanceoftwoormoresimilarwords,phrases,orclauses.Theapplicationofparallelisminsentenceconstructionimproveswritingstyleandreadability.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,1.…fromanEnglishmajor,fromastrangeronthestreet,fromabravesoulstandinginthemiddleofalargelecturehall,fromadarkshadowbesidemeoneeveningatanEnglishcorner.(Para.1)Parallelismisalsooneofthemostusefulandflexiblerhetoricaldevices.Itreferstoanystructurewhichbringstogetherparallelelements,bethesenouns,adjectives,verbs,adverbs,orlargerstructures.Donewell,parallelismimpartsgraceandpowertopassage.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,1.…fromanEnglishmajor,fromastrangeronthestreet,fromabravesoulstandinginthemiddleofalargelecturehall,fromadarkshadowbesidemeoneeveningatanEnglishcorner.(Para.1)e.g.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.懷著這個(gè)信念，我們就將能夠一同工作，一同祈禱，一同斗爭(zhēng)，一同入獄，一同爭(zhēng)取自由，因?yàn)槲覀冎?，終有一天我們將獲得自由。,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,2.Oedipus(Para.3)AfigureinGreekmythology,(here)standsforthepersonwhoisgoodatsolvingriddlesorproblems.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,3.Oh,Ihaveanswers,butIdon’thavetheanswer,nottheanswerIthinkthey’relookingfor.(Para.5)IhaveanswersasforhowyoucanimproveyouEnglish,butIdon’thavetheanswerthatsomeChineseEnglishlearnerslookedfor.TheyarenotlookingfortheanswersIcangive;asamatteroffact,theyarelookingforashortcutorgoldentouchinEnglishstudy.Ofcourse,thereisnosuchthinginlanguagelearning.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,4.Thetruthisthere’sonlyoneeasywaytolearnalanguage:…(Para.6)“there’sonlyoneeasywaytolearnalanguage”isapredictiveclause,inwhichrelativepronoun“that”hasbeenomitted.e.g.Hissuggestionisthatyouseekprofessionalhelp.他建議你尋求專(zhuān)業(yè)人士的幫助。Translation這就是我們所說(shuō)的“雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。Thisiswhatwecall“doublestandard”.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,5.…duringwhichchildrendon’tlearnalanguage,butrathercatchitlikeadisease.(Para.6)Theauthorcompareslearningalanguagetocatchingadisease.Thisisasimile.Simileisafigureofspeech,inwhichonethingislikenedtoanother,insuchawayastoclarifyandenhanceanimage.Itisexplicitcomparison(asopposedtothemetaphorwherecomparisonisimplicit)recognizablebytheuseofwords“l(fā)ike”or“as”.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,5.…duringwhichchildrendon’tlearnalanguage,butrathercatchitlikeadisease.(Para.6)Theauthorcompareslearningalanguagetocatchingadisease.Thisisasimile.e.g.Thechequeflutteredtothefloorlikeabirdwithabrokenwing.支票像只斷了翅膀的小鳥(niǎo)飄落在地板上。Translation擇書(shū)如擇友。Chooseanauthorasyouchooseafriend.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,6.Isuspectmostpeoplewhoaskmethatquestion—“howcanIimprovemyEnglish?”—alreadyknowallthis.(Para.7)suspect:v.tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrue,especiallysomethingbad懷疑（是……真的）e.g.Isuspectedthattherewassomethingwrongwiththeengine.我懷疑引發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出了毛病。Translation她強(qiáng)烈懷疑他在對(duì)她說(shuō)謊。Shestronglysuspectedhewaslyingtoher.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,6.Isuspectmostpeoplewhoaskmethatquestion—“howcanIimprovemyEnglish?”—alreadyknowallthis.(Para.7)suspect:v.tothinkthatsomethingisprobablytrue,especiallysomethingbad懷疑（是……真的）Don’tconfuseitwithverb“todoubt”.doubt:v.tothinkthatsomethingmaynotbetrueorthatitisunlikely懷疑（某件事不是真的，不可能發(fā)生）,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,6.Isuspectmostpeoplewhoaskmethatquestion—“howcanIimprovemyEnglish?”—alreadyknowallthis.(Para.7)c.f.:Idoubtthathehasstolenmywatch.我懷疑他偷了我的表。（我不相信他偷了我的手表。）Isuspectthathehasstolenmywatch.我懷疑他偷了我的表。（我猜想他偷了我的手表。）,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,7.…theyfiguredoutamethodthatworksbestforthem.(Para.10)figureout:a)tothinkaboutaproblemorsituationuntilyoufindtheanswerorunderstandwhathashappened考慮出，計(jì)算出，解答e.g.Canyoufigureouthowtodoit?你能不能想出該怎么辦？,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,7.…theyfiguredoutamethodthatworksbestforthem.(Para.10)figureout:a)tothinkaboutaproblemorsituationuntilyoufindtheanswerorunderstandwhathashappened考慮出，計(jì)算出，解答Translation不要擔(dān)心，我們會(huì)想出辦法的。Don’tworry,we’llfiguresomethingout.(=findawaytosolvetheproblem),1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,7.…theyfiguredoutamethodthatworksbestforthem.(Para.10)figureout:b)tounderstandwhysomeonebehavesinthewaytheydo理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)到e.g.Ican’tfigureoutwhyshesaidso.我搞不懂她為什么這么說(shuō)。Translation我琢磨不透他為什么要辭掉工作。Ican’tfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,8.…butyoushouldfollowtheirexamplebyblazingyourowntrail.(Para.10)blazeatrail(way,path):todevelopordosomethingnewandimportant,ortodosomethingthatnoonehasdonebefore開(kāi)辟道路，作開(kāi)路先鋒e.g.Whenthereisnobeatenpath,youmustblazeanewtrail.在無(wú)路可走時(shí)，你就必須要開(kāi)辟一條新路。,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,8.…butyoushouldfollowtheirexamplebyblazingyourowntrail.(Para.10)blazeatrail(way,path):todevelopordosomethingnewandimportant,ortodosomethingthatnoonehasdonebefore開(kāi)辟道路，作開(kāi)路先鋒Translation亨利福特是汽車(chē)制造業(yè)的先驅(qū)。HenryFordblazedatrailinmanufacturingautomobiles.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,9.Finally,Itrytowarnmystudentsagainstdiscouragement.(Para.12)Verb“towarn”isapopular(universal)verb,andithaslotsofcollocationswithprepositions.Helpstudentstorememberthefollowingphrasesandstructures.towarn(sb.)againststh.:toadvisesb.nottodosth.becauseitmayhavedangerousorunpleasantresultse.g.Herfinancialadviserwarnedheragainstsuchariskyinvestment.她的財(cái)務(wù)顧問(wèn)警告她不要進(jìn)行這樣有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的投資。,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,9.Finally,Itrytowarnmystudentsagainstdiscouragement.(Para.12)towarn(sb.)againstdoingsth.Thepolicemanwarnedhimagainstcrossingtheroadatthatplace.警察提醒他不要在那個(gè)地方橫穿馬路。towarnsb.aboutsth.TravelerstoAfricaarebeingwarnedaboutthedangerofHIVinfection.去非洲的旅行者得到警告，要防范艾滋病感染的危險(xiǎn)。,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,9.Finally,Itrytowarnmystudentsagainstdiscouragement.(Para.12)towarn(sb.)ofsth.Theywarnedhimofthedanger.他們警告他有危險(xiǎn)towarnsb.(not)todosth.Iwarnedyounottowalkhomealone.我提醒過(guò)你不要獨(dú)自步行回家。,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,10.Asforthoseofyouhopingtostudyabroadandtryingtobefluentbeforeyougetthere,…(Para.13)asforsb./sth.:usedwhenyouarestartingtotalkaboutsomeoneorsomethingnewthatisconnectedwithwhatyouweretalkingaboutbefore至于，就……來(lái)說(shuō)e.g.Youcanasktheothers,butasformyself,I’llbebusyintheoffice.你可以去請(qǐng)別人，至于我，我要在辦公室忙工作。,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,10.Asforthoseofyouhopingtostudyabroadandtryingtobefluentbeforeyougetthere,…(Para.13)asforsb./sth.:usedwhenyouarestartingtotalkaboutsomeoneorsomethingnewthatisconnectedwithwhatyouweretalkingaboutbefore至于，就……來(lái)說(shuō)Translation很多人喜歡夏天，至于我，則更喜歡冬天。Mostpeoplelikesummer,butasforme,Ilikewintermuchbetter.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,11.Untilyouhavetousethelanguage…,untilit’sallaroundyou…,untilyouneedto…,untilyou’reforcedto…,youwon’tgetthere.(Para.13)Toemphasizethetimewhenyoucanbesucceedindoingsomething,theadverbialclauseoftimeisputatthebeginningofthesentence.Thisdeviceiscalledinversion.Thenormalsentenceordershouldbe“Youwon’tgetthereuntilyouhaveto…,untilit’sall…,untilyouneedto…,untilyou’reforcedto….”,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,11.Untilyouhavetousethelanguage…,untilit’sallaroundyou…,untilyouneedto…,untilyou’reforcedto…,youwon’tgetthere.(Para.13)notuntil:usedtoemphasizethatsomethingdoesnothappenbeforeacertainpointintimeorbeforesomethingelsehashappened,oftentranslatedas“直到……才”.e.g.“CanIgooutandplaynow?”“Notuntilyou’vedoneyourhomework.”“我現(xiàn)在能出去玩嗎？”“作完作業(yè)再去。”,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,11.Untilyouhavetousethelanguage…,untilit’sallaroundyou…,untilyouneedto…,untilyou’reforcedto…,youwon’tgetthere.(Para.13)notuntil:usedtoemphasizethatsomethingdoesnothappenbeforeacertainpointintimeorbeforesomethingelsehashappened,oftentranslatedas“直到……才”.Translation他直到12點(diǎn)鐘才離開(kāi)辦公室。Hedidnotleavetheofficeuntil12o’clock.,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,11.Untilyouhavetousethelanguage…,untilit’sallaroundyou…,untilyouneedto…,untilyou’reforcedto…,youwon’tgetthere.(Para.13)getthere:usedinoralEnglish,meaningsucceedorachievewhatonewantsto.e.g.Weallknowthatperfectionisthegoal,buthowdoesonegetthere?我們都知道完美是目標(biāo)，但是如何才能達(dá)到？,1,,,,FocusonLanguage,1,1,,,,1,