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外文資料翻譯 5H a new grain dryer 20 Research and Development Red Sun (Electrical and Mechanical College of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001 2. Mechanical College of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 152007) Abstract: This paper introduces the multi-stage drying process downstream development of a new grain dryer, with the production and actual use has proved that it has a large range of precipitation, low energy consumption, pollution-free food can be a variety of cereals, such as drying characteristics. Keywords: drying machine, downstream dry, dry process Keywords: drying machine, downstream dry, dry process CLC number: S226.6 Document code: A Cold regions of northern China, low temperatures throughout the year, the short frost-free period. Rice post-harvest natural drying time is limited, such as a direct result of the use of combine harvesters, so that the conditions for drying natural rice is even more difficult, more difficult to dry. Higher moisture corn harvest is generally 25% in about 40% of a high-moisture corn drying problem is the production of practical problems, the use of mechanical drying, which can effectively solve this problem. National rice production 164.7 million tons, annual output of 8.5 million tons in our province. Rice production areas, due to weather and air humidityof rice dryer more pressing needs. Food grain drying after drying should be based on the use and types of varieties of food grains and environmental conditions, only the different water using different drying techniques, commonly used in China for several cross-flow, flow, mixed-flow, counter-current drying process, to a certain conditions, it should be said that there is director of the UN, much development and a large number of promotional point of view, the dry weight of food grain is first of all, energy conservation, improve quality and reduce post-bake the cost of production, in this principle, as far as possible, raise the dryer and the general practicality, combined years of practical experience in a design of a dryer performance. 1. Drying process and the structural characteristics 1.1 Process 5H-20-type grain dryer combination drying process is used mainly at low temperature for the northeastern region, high water-yu take into account the design of grain drying and models, by a number of heated rooms, ease Su rooms, cooling rooms and exclusive food agency composed of dry and wet food to the body with hoistupper section to fill the entire dryer after the drying, emissions from gas exports from, each level of the grain after drying off were the Soviet Union Room ease. After a few heated counter-current cooling relief from the Soviet Union was, and then silo. 1.2 Drying Mechanism 5H a grain dryer 20 using multi-stage drying process downstream, the so-called downstream drying process is a thermal medium flow direction and the same direction as the movement of grain, grain by both the role of self-respect, in the dryer with a top-down the flow of heat from the hot medium into the intake manifold. In the intake pipe, the heat medium in the effects of hydrostatic pressure, through the valley floor into the exhaust pipe emissions. This drying process can reduce the unit heat rate, even if higher air temperature, it would not pay too high temperature, and damage to food. Downstream use of multi-stage drying process is through multi-stage drying process, downstream, downstream generally dry paragraph 3-5, grain after grain storage and a warm-up, two down after drying for high moisture corn grain, the precipitation rate up to 6% -8%. This part of the water is basically non-binding surface of water and grain moisture. Into the last third-grade level, the grain gradually began to dry the internal combination of water, when to be completed by the precipitation rate of about 8% -9%, followed by the precipitation of grain will be dried into the deceleration phase. Drying in the downstream segment, the air temperature in the valley floor will be increased step by step, grains of water in the lower level at the same time, food temperature levels also rise, which in the process of drying air temperature and grain temperature curve can be clearly see that. With the increase in downstream dry level. Moisture gradient inside and outside the grain tablets increase in the level, each level for the next level, have created favorable conditions for drying. However, too many high-temperature flow, high temperature and the grain outer layer of grain to be evaporated, if continued high-temperature drying of grain quality will be damaged, so the dry cereal into the deceleration phase, should immediately relieve the Soviet Union. Precipitation of grain drying is the most difficult in the late dry, because the lower the grain moisture, the more the combination of internal grains of water, evaporation of the more difficult, that is, the greater the difficulty of drying, and dry cereal grain precipitation is the key to the slowdown occurred in the late dry stage. From the perspective of grain quality, grain moisture content the lower the ability to bear the higher air temperature, or the lower the grain moisture, the more the need for high-temperature dry hot air. Only this, the use of counter-current drying should be very ideal, but it can not guarantee a good quality grain after drying, mixed-flow drying process and able to meet this requirement well. This drying process can be guaranteed to meet after drying of grain storage requirements, but also a decrease of cooling when the temperature, the grain itself to reduce the thermal stress, a decrease of crack and so on. 1.3 Structural Features The machine adopts the multi-stage countercurrent dry cooling relief to the Soviet Union and the drying process, low temperature and high alpine region of the grain drying water has an extremely superior characteristics. 1. The use of building-block structure, intake, exhaust boxes are completed through the Horn, shape the structure and size of reasonable models can zoom in or out. 2. The use of machine insulation, while a higher temperature of the hot air, you can give full play to the heat source efficiency, drying of maize grain, the dry downstream reach 180 ℃ up to a 200 ℃, the thermal power units of productivity, low power consumption. 3. Generality, and apply to all kinds of dry cereal. 4. Dry good quality grain moisture even after drying, high-quality grain drying. 5. The work of a reliable, long service life. 2. 5H-20-type grain dryer of the application and performance In order to promote scientific research and applications, with the Army in Sichuan to develop farm and development of a highly efficient, energy-efficient a new grain dryer, in the actual manufacturing and farms in the military application of Sichuan. 3. Conclusion 1. You can use a higher air temperature. 2. A large range of precipitation. 3. The use of indirect heating, pollution-free food. 4. Low energy consumption. 5. Can be low-temperature season in open work. 6. Can be a variety of grain drying. 7. Low-cost, no more than 40 yuan / ton. 5H一20新型谷物烘干機(jī)的研制與開發(fā) 孫紅旗 (東北林業(yè)大學(xué)機(jī)電學(xué)院,黑龍江 哈爾濱 150001 2.佳木斯大學(xué)機(jī)械學(xué)院,黑龍江佳木斯152007) 摘要：介紹了采用多級(jí)順流干燥工藝開發(fā)研制的一新型谷物干燥機(jī),經(jīng)生產(chǎn)和實(shí)際使用證明,該機(jī)具有降水幅度大,耗能低,對(duì)糧食無污染,可以烘干多種谷物等特點(diǎn)。 關(guān)鍵詞：烘干機(jī)、順流、干燥工藝 中圖分類號(hào):S226.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 我國(guó)北方寒冷地區(qū),全年氣溫低,無霜期短。水稻收獲后自然晾曬時(shí)間有限,如采用聯(lián)合收割機(jī)直接收獲,使稻谷自然晾曬的條件更加艱難,干燥更加困難。玉米收獲時(shí)水分更高,一般在25%一 40%左右,高水分玉米的干燥問題是生產(chǎn)中實(shí)際問題,采用機(jī)械干燥,可有效地解決這一問題。全國(guó)水稻年產(chǎn)量16470萬噸,我省年產(chǎn)量850萬噸。水稻生產(chǎn)區(qū),由于霉雨天氣和空氣潮濕,對(duì)水稻干燥機(jī)的需求更為迫切。 糧食谷物的干燥應(yīng)根據(jù)烘后的用途和糧食谷物類別品種及環(huán)境條件,始水分的不同,采用不同的干燥工藝,對(duì)于目前我國(guó)常用的幾種橫流、順流、混流、逆流干燥工藝,在一定條件下,應(yīng)該說居有所長(zhǎng),遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展和大量推廣上看,糧食谷物干燥的重首先是節(jié)能,提高烘后品質(zhì)和降低生產(chǎn)成本,在此原則下,盡可能提高干燥機(jī)的通用性和實(shí)用性,一合多年實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)的一種性能優(yōu)良的干燥機(jī)。 1. 干燥工藝流程和結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 1.1 工藝流程 5H一20型谷物烘干機(jī)是采用組合干燥工藝,主要針對(duì)東北地區(qū)低溫、高水分玉兼顧其他谷物的干燥而設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)型,由多個(gè)加熱室、緩蘇室、冷卻室和排糧機(jī)構(gòu)組成,干燥時(shí),濕糧用提升機(jī)送到機(jī)體上部的貯糧段,加滿整個(gè)烘干機(jī)后開始干燥,廢氣由廢氣出口排出,每級(jí)干燥后的谷物落人緩蘇室。經(jīng)過幾次加熱緩蘇后被逆流冷卻排出,然后貯倉(cāng). 1.2 干燥機(jī)理 5H一20型谷物烘干機(jī)采用多級(jí)順流干燥工藝,所謂順流干燥工藝是熱介質(zhì)的流動(dòng)方向與谷物的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向相同,既谷物靠自重的作用,在烘干機(jī)內(nèi)自上而下流動(dòng),熱介質(zhì)則由熱風(fēng)機(jī)進(jìn)入進(jìn)氣管。在進(jìn)氣管中,熱介質(zhì)在靜壓力的作用下,穿過谷層進(jìn)人排氣管排出。這種干燥工藝可以降低單位熱耗,即使采用較高的熱風(fēng)溫度,也不會(huì)糧溫過高,而損壞糧食。 采用多級(jí)順流干燥工藝就是經(jīng)過多級(jí)順流干燥過程,順流干燥段一般為三到五級(jí),谷物經(jīng)過儲(chǔ)糧預(yù)熱及一、二級(jí)順流干燥后對(duì)于高水分玉米商品糧,降水率可達(dá)6%-8%。這部分水分基本上是非結(jié)合水及谷物表層水分。進(jìn)人第三級(jí)最末級(jí)時(shí),谷物以逐漸開始對(duì)內(nèi)部結(jié)合水進(jìn)行干燥,這時(shí)可完成降水率8%-9%左右,之后谷物的降水將全部進(jìn)人減速干燥階段。 在順流干燥段中,熱風(fēng)溫度在谷層內(nèi)會(huì)逐級(jí)增加,谷物的水分在逐級(jí)降低的同時(shí),糧溫也逐級(jí)升高,這從干燥過程中的風(fēng)溫及糧溫曲線上可以明顯看到。隨著順流干燥級(jí)的增加。糧粒內(nèi)外水分梯度在逐級(jí)加大,每一級(jí)都為下一級(jí)干燥創(chuàng)造了有利條件。但是高溫順流過多,糧溫會(huì)很高而谷物外層被蒸發(fā)后,若繼續(xù)高溫干燥,對(duì)糧質(zhì)會(huì)有所損傷,所以谷物進(jìn)人減速干燥階段后,應(yīng)馬上進(jìn)行緩蘇。 谷物干燥降水難度最大應(yīng)是在干燥后期,因?yàn)楣任锼衷降?越是谷物內(nèi)部的結(jié)合水,蒸發(fā)越困難,也就是干燥難度越大,而糧食谷物干燥降水的關(guān)鍵是發(fā)生在后期的減速干燥階段。從谷物質(zhì)量角度看,谷物含水量愈低承受熱風(fēng)溫度的能力愈高,或者說,谷物水分愈低,干燥時(shí)愈需要高溫?zé)犸L(fēng)。僅就這一點(diǎn),采用逆流干燥應(yīng)該是很理想的,但它不能很好地保證烘后糧食品質(zhì),而混流干燥工藝卻能很好地滿足這一要求。 此干燥工藝,即可保證了干燥后谷物達(dá)到儲(chǔ)存要求,又減少了冷卻時(shí)的溫差,使得谷物本身的熱應(yīng)力降低,減少了爆腰等問題。 1.3 結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn) 本機(jī)采用多級(jí)干燥緩蘇和逆流冷卻的干燥工藝,對(duì)高寒地區(qū)低溫高水分的糧食烘干有著極其優(yōu)越的特點(diǎn)。 1. 采用積木式結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)氣、排氣均通過角狀盒完成,外形結(jié)構(gòu)及尺寸合理,機(jī)型可以放大或縮小。 2. 采用整機(jī)保溫,同時(shí)采用較高的熱風(fēng)溫度,可以充分發(fā)揮熱源效率,烘干玉米商品糧時(shí),順流干燥最高可以達(dá)到180℃一200℃,單位生產(chǎn)率的熱耗、電耗低。 （1）通用性好,可適用于各種谷物的干燥。 （2）干燥質(zhì)量好,烘后谷物水分均勻,烘糧品質(zhì)高。 （3）工作可靠,使用壽命長(zhǎng)。 2. 5H一20型谷物烘干機(jī)的應(yīng)用與性能 為了科研成果的推廣和應(yīng)用 ,年我們與軍川農(nóng)場(chǎng)共 同開發(fā)和研制了高效 、節(jié)能的 一新型谷物干燥機(jī) ,在實(shí)際制造和在軍川農(nóng)場(chǎng)的應(yīng)用。 3. 結(jié)論 1.可以使用較高的熱風(fēng)溫度。 2.一次降水幅度大。 3.采用間接加熱,對(duì)糧食無污染。 4.耗能低。 5.可在露天低溫季節(jié)正常工作。 6.可以烘干多種谷物。 7.成本低,不高于40元/噸 。 7 9 11