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1、中考英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：英語句子考點集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練試題【考點直擊】按照句子的用途，英語句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，英語句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。中考對句子的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面：1.陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；2.祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；3.一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法；4.由 what,how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別對于各種從句的用法我們在后面分別論述。【名師點睛】一.陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法1.陳述句：陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達說話人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降調(diào)，句末用句號“.”

2、。Tom has a new car.The flower isnt beautiful.2.陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成(1)如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞 be，則只需在這些動詞后加 not 即可構(gòu)成否定式。He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定）We can get there before dark.（肯定）We cant get thee before dark.（否定）(2)如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，則需根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)在該實義動詞前加 dont,d

3、oesnt 或 didnt。同時把該實義動詞變?yōu)樵?。He plays the violin well.（肯定）He doesnt play the violin well.（否定）She won the game.（肯定）She didnt win the game.（否定）(3)如果句子是 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動詞是 have（有），除了 be和 have 之后加 not 之外，句中如果有 some 要變?yōu)?any。例如：There is some water in the cup.There is not any water in the cup.He has some book

4、s.He has not any books.(4)除 not 以外，否定詞 no,never,nothing,nobody,few 等也可構(gòu)成否定句。例如：There is something wrong with his bike.There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film.I have never seen the film.二.祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法 祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號“！”或句號“.”。朗讀時一般用降調(diào)。1.肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主語是 you 時

5、，you 常省略，但如果要特別強調(diào)對方或表達某種強烈的情緒時可以有主語或稱呼語。Be quiet.You be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一種強烈的感情或請求，do 起強調(diào)作用。Do come back at once!Do be careful.（3）please 用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣，但 please用在句末時，必須用逗號與其余部分分開。Open the window,please.（4）Let 引導(dǎo)祈使句時，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。Let Jack wait a minute.Lets go to school.（5）在祈使句

6、中，Lets 和 Let us 是有區(qū)別的。Lets 包括說話者，而 Let us 不包括聽話者在內(nèi)。這點從反意疑問句時可明顯看出。Lets go skating,shall we?（表示內(nèi)部的建議）Let us try again,will you?（表示向別人發(fā)出請求）2.否定祈使句通常以 Dont 或 Never 開頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：“Dont(Never)+動詞原形+其他成分”例如：Dont do that again!Never leave todays work for tomorrow!Dont be late next time!三.一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問

7、句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法1.一般疑問句：（1）一般疑問句的肯定形式 一般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be 動詞或have（有）開始，通常要求以 yes，或 no 來回答的疑問句，一般疑問句讀時通常用升調(diào)。Do you know Mr.Smith?Can you swim?（2）一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu) 在一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞 not 放在一般疑問句的主語之后。但如果用 not 的簡略形式-nt，則須將-nt 與一般疑問句句首的 be,have，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞寫在一起。在實際運用中，一般都采用簡略式。Are you not a football fan?Arent you a foo

8、tball fan?Will she not like it?Wont she like it?與漢語不同的是，英語一般疑問句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語是否定還是肯定，全由答語的否定或肯定來決定。若答語是肯定的，則用 yes 加肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；若答語是否定的，則用 no 加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。Arent you a football fan?你不是足球迷嗎？Yes,I am.No,I am not.Wont she like it?Yes,she will.No,she wont.2.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+一般疑問句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝語序，但如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時，用陳述句的語序。

9、特殊疑問句不能用 yes 或 no 回答，讀時用降調(diào)。例如：Who is on duty today?How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?常用的特殊疑問句詢問內(nèi)容 疑問詞或句型 例 句 回 答 職業(yè)，身份 what What is your father?He is a doctor.姓名或關(guān)系 who Who is that boy?He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 whatlike?What is she like

10、?What does she look like?She is beautiful.目的 whatfor?What did they come here for?To attend a meeting.原因 why Why did they come here?Because they have a meeting to attend.天氣 how whatlike?How is the weather today?What is the weather like today?Its fine.顏色 what color？What dolor is her skirt?Its red.服裝尺寸

11、 what size What size does he wear?He wars 40.幾點鐘 what time What time is it?Its 7:30.星期幾 what day What day is today?Its Tuesday.幾號，日期 what is the date?What is the date today?Its May 2.年齡（多大）how old How old is he?He is 38.持續(xù)多長時間（多久）how long How long have you been here?For five months.長度（多長）how long Ho

12、w long is the bridge?Its 500 metres.距離（多遠）how far How far is it from here to the zoo?Its 6 kilometres.頻度（多經(jīng)常）how often How often do you come back?Once a week.時間經(jīng)過（多快）how soon How soon will she arrive?In an week.數(shù)量（多少）how many（可數(shù)名詞）how much（不可數(shù)名詞）How many jackets do you have?How much coffee do you wa

13、nt?Three.Two cups.價格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost?Five dollars.高度（多高）how tall（人，樹）how high（山，建筑物）How tall is she?How high is the tower?Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 metres.3.選擇疑問句：選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對方選擇回答的疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由 or 連接，or 前面的部分讀升調(diào)，or 后面的部分讀降調(diào)。選擇疑問句不能用 yes 或 no 回答，

14、而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。Is your bag yellow or black?Its black.。Would you like some tea or coffee?Either will do.。Which do you like better,singing or dancing?I like dancing better.4.反意疑問句：反意疑問句是指在陳述句之后附加一個意思與之相反的簡短問句，問對方是否贊同的疑問句。附加問句的否定式必須縮寫。（1）肯定的陳述句后跟否定的附加問句，否定的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問句。I am your teacher,arent I?He didnt st

15、udy hard,did he?（2）如果陳述句中含有否定副詞 never（從不，決不），hardly（幾乎不）或其他表示否定代詞或形容詞，如 nothing,none no one,nobody,neither,few,little 等，則附加問句只能用肯定式。如：They hardly write to each other,do they?He has found nothing,has he?Few people knew the secret,did they?（3）當(dāng)反意疑問句是“否定陳述句+肯定附加問句”時，英語與漢語的回答習(xí)慣存在差異。英語回答時只看實際情況，若答語的具體內(nèi)容是

16、肯定的就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”，答語的具體內(nèi)容是否定的就用“No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”，而譯成漢語時，則必須把 yes 譯“不是”，把 no 譯成“是的”。-You wont be away for long,will you?你不會離開太久，是嗎？-Yes,I will.不，我會離開很久。-No,I wont.是的，我不會離開很久。-I dont think shell come by bike,will she?我認為她不會騎自行車，會嗎？-Yes,she will.不，她會騎自行車來。-No,she wont.是的，她不會騎自行車來。四.由 what,how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別感嘆

17、句是表示喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚異等感情的句子。句末用感嘆號“！”，讀時用降調(diào)，感嘆句往往由 what 或 how 引導(dǎo)，what 修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞。1.what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：（1）what+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）What a beautiful city it is!What an interesting story she told!（2）what+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）What expensive watches they are!What terrible weather it is!2How 引導(dǎo)的感

18、嘆句：（1）How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）How cold it is!How hard he works!（2）How+陳述句（主語+謂語）How he loves his son!How I miss you!（3）How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）How tall a tree it is!（4）上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is!What a cold day it is!How cold it is!【實例解析】1.(2004 年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題)_ us

19、eful computer it is!A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 答案：B。該題考查的是感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)。這個感嘆句的中心詞是一單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 computer,所以要用 what 來修飾，又因為useful 第一個發(fā)音是輔音，what 之后的不定冠詞用 a,而不用 an。2.(2004 年嘉興市中考試題)-_ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?-Im not sure,but it takes about ninety minutes to get there by bus.A.How many B.How often C.How

20、much D.How far 答案：D。該題考查的是特殊疑問句疑問詞的選擇。問話者是在問距離，所以應(yīng)用 how far 來提問。3.(2004 年河北省中考試題)-_ will it take us to get there by bus?-About two hours.A.How soon B.How often C.How long D.How quick 答案：C。該題考查的是特殊疑問句疑問詞的選擇。問話者是在問時間，所以應(yīng)用 how long 來提問。4.(2004 年長沙市中考試題)-Help!There is a snake near the house.-_ afraid.It

21、 will go away later.A.Dont B.Not C.Dont be D.Be 答案：C。該題考查的是祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)。祈使句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)是：“Dont(Never)+動詞原形+其他成分”符合這一要求的只有 C?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項填空 1.-Excuse me,_ is the nearest bookshop?-Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.A.how B.what C.where D.who 2.-_ is it from our school to the Bell Tower?-About hal

22、f an hours bus ride.Shall we go and visit it?A.How long B.How often C.How far D.How much 3.-Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning,_?-No.She got up too late.A.had she B.hadnt she C.did she D.didnt she 4.-The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.Would C.Do D.Shall 5.-_,sir?-Size 4

23、1,I think A.What size do you need B.What can I do for you C.How do you like this shirt D.Whats the matter with you 6.-_ good weather!Why not go out for a walk?A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 7.-Its a nice car._ have you been in it?-Just to Shanghai.A.How much B.How long C.How soon D.How far 8.-_ to th

24、e United States?-No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you been B.Have you gone C.Did you go D.Will you go 9.-_ were you away from school last year?-About two weeks.A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.When 10.-_ do you want?-I want a CD of popular songs.A.Which CD B.How many CDs C.Wha

25、t CD D.How much 11._ is your mother,a teacher or a doctor?A.What B.Which C.Who D.whose 12.-_ is your mother today,Jim?-She is much better.A.How B.What C.Where D.How old 13.-_he _ at this school last term?-Yes,I think so.A.Didstudy B.Doesstudy C.Wasstudy D.Didstudied 14.-_ did you begin to learn Engl

26、ish?-Three years ago.A.When B.Why C.Where D.What 15.-_ do you write to your pen-friend?-Once a week.A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often 16._ nice flowers!Where did you pick them?A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 17.The sick mans allowed to take a walk in the garden every day,_?A.is he B.isnt he

27、C.has he D.hasnt he 18._ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green.A.Not B.Wont C.Dont D.Doesnt 19.He found nothing in the room,_?A.doesnt he B.does he C.didnt he D.did he 20.You havent changed your mind,_?A.do you B.are you C.have you D.did you 二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（按要求改寫下列句子）1.Bruce bought a dictionary

28、 yesterday.(改為否定句)Bruce _ _ a dictionary yesterday.2.Mr.Smith does morning exercises every day.(改為一般疑問句)_ Mr.Smith _ morning exercises every day?3.Allan will go back to England by plane next month.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ Allan go back to England next month?4.There are some apples on the table.(改為否定句)There _ _

29、apples on the table.5.When she sees you,she will tell you the news(就劃線部分提問)_ _ she tell you the news?6.Uncle Wang likes making things.(改寫為否定句)Uncle Wang _ _ making things.7.Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改為一般疑問句)_ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday?8.Our city is very beautiful.

30、(改為感嘆句)_ _ our city is!9.He has worked in this school for five years.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ has he worked in this school?10.Both of them are my best friends.(改為否定句)_ of them _ my best friend.11.They are happy to see each other.(改為感嘆句)_ _ they are to see each other!12.The exam begins at nine.(改為一般疑問句)_ the exa

31、m _ at nine?13.He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ he _ at four yesterday afternoon?14.He had nothing for breakfast.(改為反意疑問句)He had nothing for breakfast _ _?15.She doesnt think I can surf on the Internet.(改反意疑問句)She doesnt think I can surf on the Internet,_ _?16.Hes p

32、ut the tree in the hole?(改為一般疑問句)_ he _ the tree in the hole?17.How useful the book is!(改為陳述句)It is _ _ useful book.18.The population of Australia is about 19,500,000.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ population of Australia?19.The meeting will start in ten minutes.(就劃線部分提問)_ _ will the meeting start?20.Dont tell him to

33、 come to my office.(改為肯定的祈使句)_ _ to come to my office.三.句子翻譯:根據(jù)所給漢語完成英語句子，每空一詞。1.我母親通常在星期日打掃衛(wèi)生，洗衣服。My mother usually _ some cleaning and _ on Sundays.2.在今晚的聚會上我們肯定會玩得痛快。Were _ to have _ at the party this evening.3.你看明天有可能結(jié)束這項工作嗎?Do you think _ _to finish the work tomorrow?4.你怎樣與你的鄰居相處好?_can you get

34、on well _ your neighbours?5.西安的新變化使參觀者們感到驚奇。The _ are _ at the new changes in Xian.6.天冷了，請穿上暖和的衣服。Its cold.Please _ _ warm clothes.7.愛迪生在小時候就對科學(xué)感興趣。Edison _ _ _ science even when he was a small boy.8.盡管他失敗了很多次，但他沒有灰心。Even though he had failed many times,he didnt _ _.9.無論發(fā)生什么事情，我都會和你在一起。_happens,Ill

35、be with you.10.樓上的噪音害得我整晚無法入睡。The noises upstairs made me not able to _ _all night.【練習(xí)答案】一.1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.C二.1.didnt buy 2.Does;do 3.How will 4.arent any 5.When will 6.doesnt like 7.Did;return 8.How beautiful 9.How long 10.Neither;is 11.How happy 12.Does;begin 13.What was;doing 14.did he 15.does she 16.Has;put 17.such a 18.Whats the 19.How soon 29.Tell him三.1.does;washing 2.sure;fun 3.it/its possible 4.How;with 5.visitors;amazed/surprised 6.put on 7.was interested in 8.lose heart 9.Whatever 10.fall asleep