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常見的字母與字母組合發(fā)音規(guī)則,Ⅰ元音字母及元音字母組合拼讀規(guī)則,,元音字母的發(fā)音,（一）元音字母a,1.重讀開音節(jié)[ei]late;make;lake;face2.重讀閉音節(jié)[]bag;fat;cat;（*例外：any一些[e];many許多[e]）3.非重讀音節(jié)[?]或[i]即：[?]——ChinaCanada[i]——village;orange*連續(xù)相同的輔音（字母），一般只發(fā)一個(gè)音，而且歸屬后一個(gè)音節(jié)段。如上的village.,4.在字母w或wh后面，發(fā)[?:]what;want;(例外：water水[?:])5.a在諸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath;-aph;-af;-asp組合里,重讀時(shí)均發(fā)[a:]即：dance;France;ask;basketclass;grass;glass;pass;（*例外：mass[]）fast;past;last;father;path;bath;——(*例外：maths[])graphaftergrasp,(二)元音字母e,1.重讀開音節(jié)[i:]me;he;she;these;evening2.重讀閉音節(jié)[e]hen;get;tell;red3.非重讀音節(jié)[i]ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;[?]hundredstudentopen,（三）元音字母i,1.重讀開音節(jié)[ai]hi;China;time;2.重讀閉音節(jié)[i]sit;hit;ill;little;3.非重讀音節(jié)[i]unit;[?]holidaybeautiful,(四)元音字母o,1.重讀開音節(jié)[?u]no;so;go;home;photo;2.重讀閉音節(jié)[?]not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;3.非重讀音節(jié)[?]purpose;concern4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前，均發(fā)[?]come;some;son;ton;(*例外：Tom[?])love;glove;above;anothermother;brother;*5.兩個(gè)單詞：woman[‘wu-m?n]女人（單數(shù)）;women[‘wi-min]女人（復(fù)數(shù)）,（五）元音字母u,1.重讀開音節(jié)[ju:]pupil;student;use;cube*在開音節(jié)中，元音字母u在輔音字母jlrs后面時(shí)讀[u:]音，例如：Junebluerulersuper2.重讀閉音節(jié)[?]或[u][?]——us;bus;mum;sun[u]——put;full;pull3.非重讀音節(jié)[?]autumn;August;support,半元音字母y的發(fā)音,字母y一般有三種發(fā)音:*放在詞首的發(fā)/j/:yes;yellow*在單音節(jié)詞中（重讀開音節(jié)）發(fā)/ai/:my;try*在大多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞中（非重讀音節(jié)）發(fā)/i/:study,●元音字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則,（一）元音字母a的字母組合,1.ai或ay在重讀音節(jié)中[ei]rain;train;brain;painday;may;play;stay;lay2.ay在非重讀音里[i]或[ei]Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday,3.al+絕大多數(shù)輔音字母[?:]small;wall;call;或[?:l]also;always*al后面是k時(shí)，只發(fā)[?:]talk;walk；chalk*al+f或m時(shí)，al發(fā)[a:]half;calm*-al在詞尾非重讀[（?）l]medal;metal;(例外canal運(yùn)河，重音在后[l]),4.-ance在重讀時(shí)[a:ns]chance;dance;France*在非重讀時(shí)[?ns]importance；performance；ambulance5.-ant非重讀[?nt]assistant;important；peasant,6.-ange一般[eind?]change;danger;strange;(*但orange[ind?]例外)7.-age一般[id?]village;carriage;marriage,8.-ask一般重讀時(shí)[a:sk]ask;mask;task;basket9.-ass一般重讀時(shí)[a:s]class;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass[]例外),10.-ast一般重讀時(shí)[a:st]last;past;fast;cast*-aste一般[eist]waste;paste;taste11.-ath一般[a:θ]bath;path;(但maths[θ]例外)*或[a:]father;rather;(gather[]例外),12.-au一般[?:]cause;autumn;August;(*但because[?])*-augh(t)[?:(t)]taught;daughter(*例外：laugh[la:f])13.-aw[?:]draw;saw;law;awful14.a在字母w或wh后面，a發(fā)[?]was;wash;want;what;(*但water[?:],15.-ar重讀音時(shí)[a:]party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star*在字母w或音[w]后面時(shí)[?:]war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter*在非重讀音時(shí)[?]beggar;dollar;solar,16.-are一般[ε?]hare;bare;dare;care;parent17.-air一般[ε?]chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair18.-able一般[eibl]able;cable;table;stable,(二)元音字母e的組合,1.-ea重讀音節(jié)有四個(gè)音，分別是下列：*大多數(shù)發(fā)/i:/:meat;teacher;read;please*有的發(fā)/e/:head,bread;read(過去式);breakfast,peasant*還有的發(fā)/ei/:great;break(小學(xué)英語(yǔ)中只有這兩個(gè)單詞)*-ea[i?]:real;really,2.-ee[i:]feel;week;keep;three;treet;see*但是一個(gè)例外：coffee[i]3.-eer[i?]deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer,4.-er重讀音節(jié)[?:]her;term;service;Germany*非重讀[?]worker;paper;western;teacher特殊讀法[a:]clerk5.-ere[i?]here;mere-ere或者發(fā)[ε?]there;where,6.-ear有三種音，分別是：*-ear[i?]ear;dear;near;tear(n.);*-ear[?:]early;earth;learn;heard*-ear[a:]heart*但tear作為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，發(fā)[ε?],7.-ei[ei]eight;weigh;weight*-ei[ai]height*-ei[i:]receive8.-ey重讀[ei]they;hey;survey*-ey重讀[i:]key*-ey非重讀[i]monkey;donkey;volleyball*-et非重讀[it]pocket;ticket;rocket,9.-ew一般[ju:]new;few;knew*-ew或者發(fā)[u:]grew;threw*-ew還可以發(fā)[?u]sew10.-ege[id?]college,11.-est[ist]biggest;happiest;12.詞尾的-ed在濁音后[d]lived;studied*-ed在清音后[t]worked;finished*-ed在字母t或d后[id]wanted;needed,（三）元音字母i或y的組合,1.-ie在重讀音節(jié)中，或在輔音字母前，發(fā)[i:]，如：thief;field;piece;achieve；*-ie在詞尾[ai]lie;die;tie2.-ir在重讀音節(jié)[?:]girl;first;third;circle,3.-ire在重讀音節(jié)[‘a(chǎn)i?]fire;tired;hire;wire4.-igh(t)在重讀音節(jié)[ai(t)]high;night;light;bright5.-ild[aild]child;wild,6.-ind[aind]find;kind;mind;wind;(*但window[ind])7.-ing[i?]king;wing;sing;doing;making,8.-(a)tion[(ei)?n]nation;pronunciation;information；*-stion[t?n]question*-sion[?n]或[?n]mission使命;precision精密,9.-ye在詞尾[ai]good-bye;bye-bye10.-ist[ist]例：list;fist;,(四)元音字母o的組合,1.-oa在重音時(shí)[?u]boat;coat;road;goat;toad*-oar在重音時(shí)[?:]例：blackboard;2.-oi，-oy在重音時(shí)[?i]*-oy例：boiler;point;join;oil.*-oi例：boy;toy;joy;loyal,3.-oo一般[u:]too;zoo;room;noon;moon；soon;*單詞room和其他名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時(shí)，常發(fā)短音。如classroom[u]…等。*在字母k或有時(shí)在t，d之前時(shí)[u]look;book;cook;foot;boot;good；（food例外）;,4.-or在重音時(shí)[?:]for;horse;important;morning;born*-or在字母w后面[?:]work;word;world;worse;worth(*但是wore,worn例外，均發(fā)[?:])*-or在非重音時(shí)[?]monitor;doctor;professor;forget;,5.-oar一般[?:]board;aboard;blackboard6.-oor一般[?:]或在美式英語(yǔ)里發(fā)[??]door;floor*-oor還發(fā)[u?]poor,7.-ore在重音時(shí)[?:]snore;more;before;foreign;forest8.-ou一般[au]shout;loud;round;found*-ou還發(fā)[?]country;trouble*-ou還發(fā)[u:]wound;wounded,9.-ough(t)發(fā)[?:(t)]ought;bought;fought;thought(*例外：cough[k?f])10.-oe[?u]toe;hoe;Joe,11.-old[?uld]old;hold;cold;told12.-ost[?ust]post;most;host;ghost(*例外cost[?st]),13.-our在重音時(shí)[au]our;hour;sour;*還發(fā)[?:]four;course;pour*還發(fā)[u?]tour;gourd*-our在詞尾(非重音)[?]colour;neighbour;favourite,14.-ow在重音時(shí)[au]now;cow;down;how;town*-ow在重音或非重音中[?u]low;yellow;below;follow;growtomorrow;window;know;show,（五）元音字母u的組合,1.-u在字母ll或sh之前，或者在字母b,p或f之后，均發(fā)[u]如：full;bull;pull;push;bush*字母l,r或j+u構(gòu)成的開音節(jié)，u發(fā)[u:]rule;true;blue;June,2.-ue在詞尾[ju:]argue;continue3.-ui在字母j或r后面時(shí)，發(fā)[u:]fruit;juice*-ui在字母b或g后面，或者緊接重音節(jié)后面的一個(gè)音節(jié)時(shí)發(fā)[i]如：build;biscuit；guilty,4.-ur在重音時(shí)[?:]turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse*在非重音時(shí)[?]surprise;Saturday*-ure在重音時(shí)[(j)u?]pure[ju?];sure[u?]*-ture發(fā)[t??]picture;future;mixture,(II)輔音字母及輔音字母組合的拼讀規(guī)則,輔音字母一般都發(fā)字母本身音,只有一些特殊,列舉如下:,1.b在一般情況下[b]back；big;lab;brotherb和u在一起，u常發(fā)[i]building；build；busy-bt一般[t]debt;doubt,2.c在字母e,i或y前面時(shí)[s]city;Bruce;juice;bicycle；face;centralc在字母a,o或u,或者在輔音字母前[k]cup;cold;duck;bicycle;cap;cut;class;c在詞尾時(shí)也發(fā)[k]，但后面有e，還發(fā)[s]music[k]grace[s];,-ck[k]duck;luck;black;cock；ticket;pocket-ci有時(shí)發(fā)[?]social*-cc在元音字母a,o,u和輔音字母之前[k]occasion;according;occupy;*在元音字母e和i之前[ks]accent;success,-ch有三種音[t?][k]或[?]如下：*[t?]China;rich;chick;chalk*[k]school;chemistry;ache;technology*[?]machine;parachute;moustache-tch[t?]catch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher,3.d在一般情況下[d]did;made;desk;duck;doubt;-ds發(fā)[dz]birds;handsdr在元音字母前[dr]dry;dress;driver;drill-dge一般[d?]bridge;fridge;judge;4.f在一般情況下[f]five;flag;life;leaf,5.g在字母e,i或y前面[d?]large;general;age;energy*例外：give;forgive;get;forget等,g都發(fā)[g]在字母a,o或u,或者在輔音字母前[g]game;goat;guard;ghost;glass在詞尾也發(fā)[g]big;egg;fig;flag,-gn[n]，即g不發(fā)音foreign;sign;-gh發(fā)[f]或[-](即不發(fā)音)[-]high;light;thought;brought[f]laugh;cough-dge發(fā)[d?]bridge;knowledge;judge*gue-,gua-和gui-在詞首時(shí)一般u都不發(fā)音guess;guest;guard;guide而-gue在詞尾發(fā)[g]league;colleague,6.*h在一般情況下[h]help;behave;hello;hit;hurry*h在字母r或x后面不發(fā)音exhibition7.j在一般情況下[d?]joy;judge;journey;January;just,8.*k在一般情況下[k]king;milk;kick;kiss;lock;*k后面是n時(shí)，k不發(fā)音,即kn發(fā)[n]knee;know;knowledge;knifeclimb;comb;tomb;,字母l只有兩種發(fā)音:放在詞首的發(fā)清晰的/l/;放在詞末或le則發(fā)模糊/l/。9.*l在元音字母前發(fā)[l](*即“勒”音，供參考)light；look;let;lab;live*l在輔音字母或詞尾時(shí)發(fā)[l](*即“歐”音，供參考)cold；sell;chalk,10.m在一般情況下[m]meat;mother;come;make;Tomm后面是b時(shí),b不發(fā)音,即-mb發(fā)[m],11.*n在一般情況下[n]now;next;ton;nest*n在m后面時(shí)，n常不發(fā)音,即-mn發(fā)[m]autumn;column但后面有后綴或構(gòu)成合成詞，則n還要發(fā)音的autumnal;columnist,-ng常發(fā)[?]或[?g]*發(fā)[?]sing;king;English;young*發(fā)[?g]finger；younger;language-nk常發(fā)[?k]ink;thank,12.p在一般情況下[p]map;cap;people;pest*-ph[f]photo;phantom;physics13.*que在一般情況下[k]cheque*qu一般發(fā)[kw]quarter;quick;quiet;quite;queen,14.*r在元音字母前才發(fā)音[r](即音同“日”供參考)room；read;rest;around*r在輔音字母或詞尾前，一般不發(fā)音car;star;jar*rh在元音字母前只發(fā)[r]rhyme;rhino;rhetoric,15.*s在詞首和詞尾、清輔音之前或之后,或者在詞尾同時(shí)在短元音之后，一般發(fā)[s]如：see;some;sister;works;yes;thisnewspaper;注：一條發(fā)音習(xí)慣，歐美人在發(fā)[s]音后面的清輔音時(shí)，習(xí)慣上把該清輔音發(fā)成相對(duì)應(yīng)的濁輔音（而書寫音標(biāo)的時(shí)候，還是寫成清輔音），試舉例如下：school---音標(biāo)[sku:l]，念成[sgu:l]street---音標(biāo)[stri:t],念成[sdri:t]student---[‘stju:d?nt],念成[‘sdju:d?nt]space---音標(biāo)[speis],而習(xí)慣念成[sbeis],*s在兩個(gè)元音之間或者在濁輔音和元音之間時(shí)，發(fā)[z]如：these;nose;lose;rise;wisdom;observe詞尾的s在濁輔音或元音之后（即在濁音之后），發(fā)[z]如：pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys詞尾的s在長(zhǎng)元音之后，發(fā)[z]hers;yourss還可以發(fā)[?]sure;Russia,-sh一般發(fā)[?]sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish-sch一般發(fā)[sk]school;scheme(計(jì)劃)-sion一般發(fā)[?n]tension;succession*在元音字母后[?n]decision;conclusion-sure在元音字母后[??]measure;pleasure,16.t在一般情況下[t]cat;tooth；teach;let;ten;table;-th一般發(fā)[θ]或[]小學(xué)階段，發(fā)/θ/音的大多與數(shù)字有關(guān):thirteen,third,ninth,tenth再加上mouth,tooth;thin;think,thank等詞;發(fā)//音的大多與代詞有關(guān):that;this;these;those-tr[tr]try;trust;trip;tree;street-tion[?n]information;pronunciation;(*一個(gè)例外：question[t?n])-ture[t??]picture;mixture;future,17.v在一般情況下[v]live;very;vase;valley;village,18.w在元音字母之前[w]wear;window;week;wisdomwr[r]write;wrong;wrist;wh[h]who;whom;whose;wh[w]what;which;when;where;whyaw[?:]draw;saw;law;ew[ju:]few;knew;newow[?u]low;slow;know;belowow[au]now;cow;crown,19.x在一般情況下[ks]box;fox;next;text位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一個(gè)音節(jié)上時(shí)，發(fā)[gz]exam;exist;,20.y在元音字母之前[j]you;youth;yes;young21.z在一般情況下[z]zoo;;zebra;zero;zipper,