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Unit 1 Friendship Learning about language,,1 Find the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.,Discovering useful words and expressions,1. _________ not inside a building 2. ______ feeling disturbed 3. __________________ to be worried about 4. _____ free, not tied up 5. ___________ to experience something 6. _______ to take no notice of,outdoors,go through,loose,upset,ignore,be concerned about,7. ___________ staying close to and looking at somebody 8. __________ to become quiet after nervous activity 9. _______ piece of material hung to cover a window 10. ______ number of things that happen one after another,calm down,curtain,series,face to face,Anne’s sister, Margot, was very ______ that the family had to move. However, she knew that she had to __________ all the difficulties with her family. She found it difficult to settle and __________ in the hiding place, because she was _______________ whether they would be discovered.,concerned about,upset,go through,calm down,Complete this passage with some of the words and phrases above.,She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. What she really missed was going _________ walking the dog for her neighbour. It was such fun to watch it run ______ in the park. She wished she could tell her neighbour __________ that she was sorry not to be able to do it any longer, but she knew that was too dangerous!,outdoors,loose,face to face,When the man saw the car accident on the highway, he stopped __________ offer help. 2. “How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it’s so dirty and _____? It will only make her worse.” said the doctor.,3 Complete the sentences using words and expressions from the text.,in order to,dusty,3. After Peter died, George _________ the story of their friendship in a book. 4. When the street lights go on _______, they make a beautiful picture, so different from the daytime. 5. Good friends do not _______ what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.,set down,at dusk,add up,6. Although Tim and Mike come from ________ different backgrounds, they became close friends. 7. Please draw the ________; the sunlight is too bright. 8. “Sorry, I didn’t break the plate _____________.” “ It’s OK. Don’t worry about it.”,entirely,curtains,on purpose,Grammar,Direct and Indirect Speech Ⅰ,直接引語(yǔ):直接引用別人的話, 把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。 (direct speech) 間接引語(yǔ):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。 (indirect speech),I am a beautiful girl.,She said that she was a beautiful girl.,What did the girl say?,轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述→陳述句,She asked me what I was doing.,She said , “I’m going to Beijing.”,She said that she was going to Beijing.,He asked, “Are you a doctor?”,He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.,She asked, “What are you doing?”,2.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問(wèn)→一般疑問(wèn)句,3.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問(wèn)題→特殊疑問(wèn)句,陳述句 用連詞that引導(dǎo), that在口語(yǔ)中常省略。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可直接用引語(yǔ)中的said, 也可用told來(lái)代替, 注意, 可以說(shuō)said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接說(shuō) told that。,直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ), 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,He said, “I have been to Japan.” He said to us that he had been to Japan. She said, “I’ll give you an exam tomorrow.” She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow.,陳述句解題步驟:,“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,(I don’t like computers.),didn’t,she,,,,Sarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.,間接引語(yǔ)用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo), 原 主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞said要改為asked (me/him/us等), 語(yǔ)序是陳述句的語(yǔ)序。,一般疑問(wèn)句,Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in English, aren’t you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.,一般疑問(wèn)句解題步驟: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? ( They asked him ),,They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,(it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.),asked,is,was,,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,,,原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)詞作為間接引語(yǔ)的連詞, 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用ask (sb.) 來(lái)表達(dá), 語(yǔ)序改為陳述句語(yǔ)序。,特殊疑問(wèn)句,He said to me, “Where are you from?” He asked me where I was from. He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?” He asked us how many factories there were in our country.,特殊疑問(wèn)句解題步驟： When do you harvest the wheat? ( They asked him ),,They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,(you harvest the wheat.),he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,,He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot?” I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot.,用whether…or…表達(dá)(不用if/either…or…),選擇疑問(wèn)句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)變化需要注意幾點(diǎn)：,1. 直接引語(yǔ)表述的是客觀真理, 變?yōu)殚g接 引語(yǔ)時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)不變。,The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,2. 如果直接引語(yǔ)所表述的內(nèi)容在目前 和說(shuō)話時(shí)同樣有效, 變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)可不變。,The children said, “We love this game.”,The children told us that they love that game.,She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.,3. 主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 在引述時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)不變。,She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.”,在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)需要 注意的變化,1. 注意時(shí)態(tài)的變化,2. 注意人稱和指示代詞變化,3. 注意時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的變化,4. 注意個(gè)別趨向動(dòng)詞的變化,,,He said he…,played football,,was playing,had played,had played,,would play,had played,Attention:,When direct speech is about: a) a truth 真理 b) a timetable 時(shí)間表 c) a saying/proverb/quotation 格言/引用語(yǔ) d) An adverbial indicating the past 過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),There are some cases in which we don’t need to change the tense in indirect speech.,He said, “the earth goes around the sun.” 2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.” 3. He said, “Rome isn’t built in a day.” 4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.”,Change direct speech into indirect speech:,5. He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish this work.”,6. He said, “I haven’t heard from him since May.” 7. Tom said “I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work.,He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May.,Tom said that he would see me the next week.,8. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 9. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me. 10. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.,The teacher asked me why I was late again.,His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”,My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.,Try to do SB P. 5 Ex.2 Change the sentences either into direct speech or indirect speech:,Anne said that she didn’t know the address of her new home. 2. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows. 3. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.,4. Her father asked her why she had chosen her diary and old letters. 5. “Are you very hot with so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her. 6. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her. 7. “When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father. 8. “Why did you talk so much to that boy?” Father asked Anne.,3. Pair work. Based on the form of weather report in the textbook, try to use indirect speech in your dialogue. e.g. GM: what’s the weather in Beijing tomorrow? I can’t hear the man clearly on the TV. GC: that’s right, I can help. The man said… GM: what did he say about shanghai? GC: …,Exercise,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looks…today B. you look…today C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day,D,Choose the best answer.,2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.” We told her that ____ through the street ___. A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now C. they were walking…then D. they walking…now,C,3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr. Black said that ___ a long way ___. A. I had walked…last week B. he had walked…that week C. I walked…last week D. he has walked…this week,B,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that ____ take it back ____. A. I shall…tomorrow B. I shall…the next day C. he should…tomorrow D. he would…the next day,D,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were we…this B. that we were…that C. if were we …this D. if we were…that,D,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked ____ about _____. A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…the week before C. what he had herd…a week ago D. if he heard…the week ago,B,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time,C,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ____ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,A,9. Black asked me, “Why haven’t you left here yet?” Black asked me why ____ yet. A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here,A,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?” The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise,B,Homework,Review the rules of direct speech and indirect speech.,