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高考英語新題型研讀與訓(xùn)練 概要寫作含解析+高三二模作文：眼光成就富有新題型 概要寫作選材特點(diǎn) （1）所需閱讀的短文詞數(shù)在 350 以內(nèi)； （2）所選材料體裁沒有限制，以說明文、議論文和記敘文為主。評(píng)分參考 閱卷時(shí)主要考慮以下內(nèi)容： （1）對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況； （2）應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性； （3）上下文的連貫性； （4）對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的正確性情況。 注意：理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要求，完全使用自己的語言，準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯，得分相應(yīng)比較高。相反，如果概要寫作部分出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句抄自原文現(xiàn)象，得分檔次將會(huì)大大降低；所寫內(nèi)容與所提供內(nèi)容無關(guān)不得分。2. 考查能力 概要寫作，簡(jiǎn)言之就是對(duì)所讀過的文章簡(jiǎn)要概括，寫出文章的中心大意，也可稱之為摘要。寫概要時(shí)，讀者要是把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來，而不是抄襲文章的原句，更不是把細(xì)節(jié)性信息作為中心，而是要通過對(duì)文章中的單詞、詞組和句子進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)換，對(duì)文章的具體信息進(jìn)行概括，再用合適的語言表述出來。這一題型主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主旨大意的概括和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵詞的能力，同時(shí)考查學(xué)生用簡(jiǎn)潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力。因此，概要寫作是基于閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)，是二者的有機(jī)結(jié)合體，是閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)的溝通橋梁。 3.寫作步驟 1）細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)，明確各段的大意。 2）弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點(diǎn)。 3）列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。 4）在寫作時(shí)要特別注意下面幾點(diǎn)：（1）概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。 （2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。 （3）注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每?jī)删渲g都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。（4）不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。（5）計(jì)算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。If you haven’t seen alpaca meat (羊駝肉) on the menu yet, chances are you soon will. It is rising in popularity; about 70 restaurants across Australia feature the meat in their dishes. Among them is Melbourne restaurant Pastuso, whose head chef appeared in a video by the Australian Alpaca Association to discuss how people have liked the dish. Alejandro Saravia, a Peruvian cook at Pastuso, described the taste as similar to beef. “Alpaca meat has been very well enjoyed by the Australian public,“ he said in the video.Famous cook Matt Moran, who owns some of Sydney’s leading restaurants, wrote an article for The Daily Telegraph to discuss his experience of cooking alpaca meat. Moran said he had never tried the meat until he visited an alpaca farm, and described the flavour as “very tasty“, especially the meat from the neck. Alpaca meat has also starred in dishes at the Melbourne Food and Wine Festival, with The Age reporting in 2013 about 20 Australian restaurants served the meat, a number which has grown quickly since.Melbourne restaurant San Telmo’s head cook Mike Patrick researched an alpaca dish, and said the response was mixed. “It was 50/50： some people said ‘oh wow — what are you cooking that for? No thank you’ and others thought ‘this is really cool and something different and I want to have a try’. The people who tried it loved it. It’s a point of difference and people like that.“In Australia alpacas are farmed mainly for their fur, but the Australian Alpaca Association website said farming alpacas for meat is a growing industry. Alpaca meat is a good source of protein with little saturated fat and cholesterol(膽固醇); it is also environmentally friendly when people feed them. Alpacas are able to stand dry conditions for longer than most other animals, and their soft feet cause little damage to the soil and ecosystem.____________________________________________________________文章大意Paragraph 1：如果你還沒有在菜單上看到過羊駝肉，那么你很快就會(huì)看到了。羊駝肉正越來越流行。Paragraph 2：廚師 Matt Moran 稱直到他參觀了一個(gè)羊駝牧場(chǎng)他才嘗試了羊駝肉，并表示它的味道美極了。羊駝肉美妙的味道使其逐漸被列入節(jié)日活動(dòng)及餐廳的菜單中。Paragraph 3：一半的人喜歡羊駝肉的美味，而另一半的人還不愿意嘗試。Paragraph 4：在澳大利亞，人們飼養(yǎng)羊駝主要是為了它的皮毛，而將羊駝作為肉食動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)的這個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)正在發(fā)展，因?yàn)檠蝰勅飧缓柡椭竞湍懝檀己勘容^低的蛋白質(zhì)，且飼養(yǎng)羊駝也比較環(huán)保?！痉段摹縔ou may soon enjoy alpaca meat because it is becoming popular. (要點(diǎn) 1) More and more restaurants are serving it for its delicious taste, which is thought highly of by cooks. (要點(diǎn) 2) About half people wanting to try it like its taste while others even refuse to try it. (要點(diǎn) 3) Alpaca meat is rich in health-beneficial protein and raising alpacas does little harm to the environment and ecosystem, which leads to the development of the industry of feeding alpacas for meat.(要點(diǎn) 4)概要寫作，其實(shí)我們考生并不陌生，在日常的英語教學(xué)中，教師經(jīng)常讓學(xué)生就所學(xué)英語課文逐段概括段落大意或者復(fù)述課文，這在一定程度上都為概要寫作打基礎(chǔ)。除此之外，作為考生，還要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： （1）積累常見的同義短語和句型轉(zhuǎn)換，掌握并運(yùn)用單詞、短語和句型?！扒蓩D難為無米之炊”，即使有再好的寫作技巧，如果沒有相應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識(shí)，也很難寫出概要寫作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基礎(chǔ)詞匯和句法知識(shí)上下功夫，以不變應(yīng)萬變。 （2） 進(jìn)行適度地專題練習(xí)。有計(jì)劃地進(jìn)行適度練習(xí)有利于考生快速掌握概要寫作的要點(diǎn)，找到概要寫作的感覺，沖破對(duì)概要寫作的不適感。平時(shí)可多關(guān)注往年的高考閱讀文章，進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)分析和主旨概括訓(xùn)練?？砂次捏w和題材，分類訓(xùn)練篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的布局，增強(qiáng)對(duì)文章上下文連貫性的把握。概要寫作首先要掌握各種文體的寫作特點(diǎn)和框架。如：記敘文：what / who / when / where / why / how 議論文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)說明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)新聞： a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs 1閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。A new study has been published that puts water quality and the skin of babies under the microscope. Dr.Carsten Flohr and his team at King’s College London presented the results of their population-based study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.Researchers involved about 1,300 three-month-old babies from across the UK in this study. They looked specifically at the level of calcium carbonate(碳酸鈣) in the water, which is a measure of water hardness. The level of chlorine(氯) in the family’s water supply was also taken into consideration, as was the use of bathing products, and how regularly the babies were bathed. The babies were then examined for the presence of childhood eczema(濕疹). The natural barrier of their skin was also examined; babies were screened for the FLG gene which is associated with an affected skin barrier.The study found that hard water is linked to an 87 percent increased risk of eczema for babies of three months of age. “Our study builds on growing evidence of a link between exposure to hard water and the risk of developing eczema in childhood. It’s not yet clear whether calcium carbonate has a direct bad effect on the skin barrier, or whether other environmental factors directly related to water hardness, such as the water’s pH, may be responsible,“ Dr. Carsten Flohr said.And the study, thankfully, doesn’t end there. Dr. Flohr will be examining these results further, with a new study in the works. This late study is due to begin later this year and the question they will be seeking to answer is whether a device to lower water hardness in households will have any effect on the skin of babies. If a device is introduced into a household when a baby is born, will the risk of eczema developing be reduced? For those with babies or children suffering, this could be the news you have hoped for.______________________________文章大意【范文】New research into the link between water quality and infant skin health has made progress.(要點(diǎn) 1) To draw the conclusion, researchers examined about 1,300 3-month-old infants, taking various factors such as water hardness into consideration. (要點(diǎn) 2) They found hard water made the risk of eczema for babies increase by 87%, but questions like whether calcium carbonate harms the skin barrier directly remain unclear. (要點(diǎn) 3) Dr. Flohr will further examine whether a household device lowering water hardness benefits babies’ skin or protects them from eczema. (要點(diǎn) 4)2閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Many people are fond of listening to music. Whether it’s light music or jazz music, it can improve our moods. Music has been with us since very early times in human history. Have you ever wondered how music might affect our health?Research shows that having musical training and listening to or playing music at an old age can help keep the brain healthy. Since listening to music is like exercising the brain, one can expect the benefits of better memory and mental sharpness as he or she ages.Music can make you feel happy, excited or even pumped up. Listening to music that hits you in a special way causes your brain to release dopamine, which is known as a “feel-good“ chemical. It causes us to feel happy and excited. Listening to music provides us with the same burst of happiness that we would get from eating a piece of chocolate.Music can strengthen the heart and shorten the recovery time of patients who are suffering from heart disease. A study found that heart disease patients who listened to music for 30 minutes had lower blood pressure, slower heart rates and less sadness than those who didn’t. Researchers from Drexel University found that cancer patients who either listened to music or worked with a music therapist had better blood pressure levels and improved moods.Music can reduce levels of the stress hormone, which weakens the immune(免疫) system, increasing risk of heart disease, affecting learning and memory, lowering bone density (密度) and blood pressure, etc. Research found that by listening to just 50 minutes of uplifting music, the levels of antibodies in the human body increase.Research has found that listening to music promotes better sleep patterns for people and even creates more restful sleep. In some cases, music might even be able to be used to effectively treat sleeplessness. Music can have positive effects on the soul and quality of life as well.________________________________________文章大意【范文】Music has been part of our lives since ancient times and it benefits our health. (要點(diǎn) 1) Music can keep the aging brain healthy and make us happy or cheer us up. (要點(diǎn) 2) As for its medical benefits, music is good for patients with heart disease, high blood pressure or cancer and can boost our immune system. (要點(diǎn) 3) Besides, music can help us sleep well and positively affect our soul and life quality. (要點(diǎn) 4)3閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。The World Rice Conference has voted Cambodian rice the best rice in the world. Cambodia produced just one percent of the world’s rice. It is trying to increase that amount, and the award may help.The country’s rice industry is small and not well-organized. As a result, large amounts of unprocessed rice are sent to Thailand and Vietnam where it is sold for a higher price. But rice means a lot to Cambodia’s economy. Many Cambodians survive in part by growing rice on small pieces of land.Sok Puthyvuth is the president of Cambodia Rice Federation. “We need better seeds, we need a better collection process, we need better storage, we need better logistics(物流), and also our export needs to brand Cambodian rice to be one of the top brands in the world.“ Keat Chhon is Cambodia’s former deputy prime minister. He says increasing rice export will improve the lives of many of the country’s farmers. He says the purpose of the rice policy is to reduce poverty and help people in rural areas earn more. This is highly beneficial to making the development gap between rural and urban areas in Cambodia smaller.But exporter David Van says the country’s rice industry continues to suffer from the same problems it has had for many years. He says these include the high cost of electricity and a lack of good seeds. And he says the country’s rice industry needs to change the way it markets its product to show it is different from what other countries offer. “You need to differentiate your product from that of your competitor next door. Otherwise, your product will continue being compared automatically to what the next-door competitor is offering.“ Cambodia faces other problems as well. Countries like Myanmar also want to increase their rice export. And, Thailand has extra rice, which is forcing down prices.________________________________________文章大意種程度上靠種大米為生。Paragraph 3：為了解決大米產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的問題、提高柬埔寨大多數(shù)農(nóng)民的生活,柬埔寨需要更好的種子、收割工序、儲(chǔ)藏方法、物流和提高大米出口量及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。Paragraph 4：柬埔寨的大米產(chǎn)業(yè)還遭受著一些問題，如電力成本高、缺少良種，它也應(yīng)該改變大米的營(yíng)銷方式，以使其“鶴立雞群“?！痉段摹緾ambodian rice was voted the world’s best.(要點(diǎn) 1) Rice is very important to Cambodia’s economy because many Cambodians live partly by growing rice, but its rice industry isn’t well developed. (要點(diǎn) 2) So Cambodia needs improvement in many aspects, such as seeds and the collection process, and should increase its rice export to benefit its farmers. (要點(diǎn) 3) Considering the problems its rice industry faces, it also should change the way of advertising and presenting its rice to show it is unique. (要點(diǎn) 4)4閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇 60 詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Have you ever really thought about the effects television has on your children? 98% of families in the US have at least one TV, according to TV-Free America, and the TV is on an average of seven hours and 12 minutes a day. On average, a child aged 2-11 watches TV for 1,197 minutes a week! It is pretty surprising to see that the same age group of children only spend 38.5 minutes a week on a meaningful conversation with their parents.As children start watching TV at a younger age, their behavior and relationships with their family can be affected more drastically. When a group of 4- to 6-year-olds were asked to choose between watching television and spending time with their fathers, 54% preferred TV. But what if you don’t let your small children watch TV? You may not. But if your toddler (學(xué)步的小孩) goes to daycare, you may not know, 70% of daycare centers use the TV during a typical day. Shouldn’t they be playing with each other and learning, not doing something they can do at home?Parents do not have to feel completely helpless. As of 2000, all TVs now have a chip that helps monitor and even block certain shows, with a parental control. All TVs have chips so if you feel TV is not as wonderful as it seemed before, just think you have at least a little power over what your kids watch.But what is even more shocking is how much violence is shown on television. Some kids do enjoy that but most don’t. The percentage of children surveyed who said they felt “upset“ by or “scared“ of violence on TV is 91%! I think that shows containing violence or scary scenes should be broadcast at a later time, so smaller children will not be exposed to them.________________________________________文章大意【范文】TV affects children much and 2- to 11-year-olds spend much more time on TVs every week than communicating with their parents. (要點(diǎn) 1) Many children watch TV both at home and in daycare centers, negatively influencing the way they behave and the parent-child relationship. (要點(diǎn) 2) The introduction of monitor chips to TV makes it easier for parents to control what kids watch, relieving their concerns. (要點(diǎn) 3) Programs with violence are advised to be aired later to keep young children away from them. (要點(diǎn) 4)5Some experts argue the fact that almost one in four teens is constantly online is a dangerous thing, yet I believe that it’s an opportunity. Technology brings us closer together and can help us in everyday life rather than replacing friends with screens.First, I believe that technology takes the embarrassment out of face-to-face contact, as talking to someone may make you uncomfortable. You could not say what is on your mind. A much simpler way of communicating is through texts. By texting a person, there is no resistance(抵抗) to what you are trying to say. You are able to revise your words before you send them, hopefully not saying something you will later regret or that could hurt someone’s feelings. Apart from making friends face-to-face, there are other ways of interaction using technology. Technology can help bond people together by showing similar interests.Second, technology can help friends and family keep in touch. When moments together are not within reach, the next best thing is to use technology to catch up on each other’s life and share precious moments through videos and calls. The ability to play back a memory on a screen is amazing, something that can be cherished and kept forever.Some may argue technology is the problem in the world, but I do not. I believe that technology helps you escape the evil and pressure in the world and has the ability to let you create your own world where what others say or think doesn’t matter. After a stressful time, technology is there to help you communicate and remind you what you should be grateful for, or just make your day a little better.In conclusion, I believe that not only is technology not replacing friends with screens but it’s actually bringing us closer together and establishing relationships among teens. Overall, I believe this topic makes the world a better place by making it easier to create friends, and make otherwise lost friends keep in touch.________________________________________文章大意Paragraph 4：科技能幫助人們避開不好的事情和壓力，讓人們創(chuàng)造屬于自己的世界,幫助人們進(jìn)行交流，提醒人們懂得感恩。Paragraph 5：總之，科技不僅不會(huì)用屏幕來取代朋友，而且能拉近人和人之間的距離,幫助青少年建立友誼，挽回失去的朋友，以讓世界變得更美好?！痉段摹緿espite some people’s worry about technology, I consider it a chance, enhancing relationships and contributing to daily life.(要點(diǎn) 1) Technology protects people from the embarrassment they may experience in face-to-face communication and enables them to socialize, share great life moments and save valuable memories. (要點(diǎn) 2) It helps people avoid pressure and bad things, improves their communication skills and reminds them to be grateful. (要點(diǎn) 3) In short, technology can promote people’s relationship and enrich their life instead of ruining friendship. 高三二模作文：眼光成就富有托爾斯泰曾說：“世界的一切變化都是由光明和黑暗構(gòu)成的?！蔽覀兊难酃鉀Q定著我們看懂的變化是光明還是黑暗。當(dāng)今世界，“富有”成為成功的代名詞。人們趨向于用一個(gè)特定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量自己所得到的的是否符合“富有”這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。殊不知，能決定我們是否富有的，并非所得，而是尚未擁有；能成就富有的，并非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而是眼光。眼光提供多元角度來看待富有。有人把“富有”僅僅局限于物質(zhì)，從而追求金錢上的滿足，將金錢上的不斷得到看作為富有，從而讓利吞噬自己，精神匱乏地陷入泥沼。這顯然沒有成就富有。張愛玲作為名門閨秀，沒有選擇用金錢打扮自己，而是選擇讀書。她不沉浸于自己生來就得到的物質(zhì)生活，而是不斷追求尚未擁有的文學(xué)素養(yǎng)。她用多元眼光看待富有，從而跳出物質(zhì)富有的泥沼，成就了精神富有。若你生來貧困，那這世界上還有許多你尚未擁有的，在這點(diǎn)上，你便是富有的。拋去既定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，用多元眼光看待富有。眼光讓我們擁有高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚的能力，從而成就富有。有人因?yàn)樽约核迷S多而沾沾自喜，覺得自己足夠富有，從而喪失了人生志向，便也不算的上是精神富有，而有人卻將眼光放遠(yuǎn)，不斷追求更高的理想在追求中成就了富有。滴滴打車 CEO 程維原本是阿里巴巴的高級(jí)職員，他本可以依靠每月不低的薪酬生活，但卻選擇創(chuàng)業(yè)，成就自己的事業(yè)。他講打車軟件從不被看好到打入海內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)，其中艱辛不言而喻。如果不是他看到自己尚未擁有的眼光，他的人生價(jià)值也將隨打車軟件的空白而空白。生命的價(jià)值不在于它的長(zhǎng)度，而在于它的深度。當(dāng)你處在一個(gè)局促的格局中時(shí)，將眼光放遠(yuǎn)，專注于那許許多多尚未得到的，盡量撐大自己的格局，切莫做井底之蛙；當(dāng)你已經(jīng)達(dá)到某個(gè)“富有”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，將眼光放遠(yuǎn)，想想自己還有什么未完成，還有什么要追求，從而不留遺憾。眼光讓我們客觀地看待所得和所失，“富有”不在于得到多少，在于你得到的是否滿足了你最長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的眼光。人生是一本只能翻閱一次的書，不應(yīng)草草翻過，而要用眼光細(xì)細(xì)品味，研究出深遠(yuǎn)的價(jià)值，成就出它的富有。