《制藥工程》PPT電子課件,制藥工程,制藥,工程,PPT,電子,課件 第一章第一章緒論緒論Chapter1Introduction為什么要進(jìn)行新藥研發(fā)為什么要進(jìn)行新藥研發(fā)n n雞尾酒療法治療艾滋?。R多夫定、雞尾酒療法治療艾滋?。R多夫定、雞尾酒療法治療艾滋?。R多夫定、雞尾酒療法治療艾滋病（齊多夫定、拉米夫定拉米夫定拉米夫定拉米夫定和依非韋倫和依非韋倫和依非韋倫和依非韋倫）n n中國(guó)批準(zhǔn)：中國(guó)批準(zhǔn)：中國(guó)批準(zhǔn)：中國(guó)批準(zhǔn)：齊多夫定齊多夫定齊多夫定齊多夫定、去羥肌苷、司他夫定、奈韋拉平、去羥肌苷、司他夫定、奈韋拉平、去羥肌苷、司他夫定、奈韋拉平、去羥肌苷、司他夫定、奈韋拉平 n n政府發(fā)放低成本藥物，但副作用大政府發(fā)放低成本藥物，但副作用大政府發(fā)放低成本藥物，但副作用大政府發(fā)放低成本藥物，但副作用大惡心、貧血、腎結(jié)石惡心、貧血、腎結(jié)石惡心、貧血、腎結(jié)石惡心、貧血、腎結(jié)石 n n最新的藥物，效果好，但價(jià)格高最新的藥物，效果好，但價(jià)格高最新的藥物，效果好，但價(jià)格高最新的藥物，效果好，但價(jià)格高n n成本高的主要原因是成本高的主要原因是成本高的主要原因是成本高的主要原因是進(jìn)口進(jìn)口進(jìn)口進(jìn)口藥物藥物藥物藥物Whyweshoulddevelopthenewdrugsn nCocktailtherapyforHIVCocktailtherapyforHIV（Zidovudine,lamivudineandZidovudine,lamivudineandefavirenzefavirenz）n nChinaapprovedChinaapproved：Zidovudine,didanosine,stavudine,Zidovudine,didanosine,stavudine,nevirapinenevirapinen nGovernmentissuesGovernmentissueslow-costdrugs,butlow-costdrugs,buttherearethetherearethesideeffectssideeffectssuchasnauseasuchasnausea,anemia,kidneystones,anemia,kidneystones n nThelatestdrugs,theeffectisgood,butthepriceishighThelatestdrugs,theeffectisgood,butthepriceishighn nThemainThemainreasonofthehighcostreasonofthehighcostisisthatthesedrugsarethatthesedrugsareimported.imported.為什么要進(jìn)行新藥研發(fā)為什么要進(jìn)行新藥研發(fā)n n最近幾年發(fā)生的最近幾年發(fā)生的天價(jià)醫(yī)療費(fèi)天價(jià)醫(yī)療費(fèi)事件事件n n老百姓普遍反映的看病老百姓普遍反映的看病貴貴、難難等問題等問題n n“自費(fèi)藥自費(fèi)藥”等等Whyweshoulddevelopthenewdrugsn nAstronomicalmedicalexpensesincidentoccurredinrecentyearsn nPeoplegenerallyreflecttheexpensive,difficultissuesofseeingadoctorn nPocketmedicine,etc.政府高度重視政府高度重視新藥創(chuàng)制基金2008年下拔45億人民幣20112015年，500億ThegovernmentgivesmoreattentionDrugDiscoveryFund2008,4.5billionyuan2011-2015,50billionyuan制藥工程的起源及發(fā)展制藥工程的起源及發(fā)展n n1植物藥起源于植物藥起源于5000年之前年之前n n2植物藥有效成分的發(fā)現(xiàn)推動(dòng)了化學(xué)植物藥有效成分的發(fā)現(xiàn)推動(dòng)了化學(xué)制藥的發(fā)展制藥的發(fā)展n n3人類對(duì)健康的追求推動(dòng)了生物技術(shù)人類對(duì)健康的追求推動(dòng)了生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展，生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了生物制的發(fā)展，生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了生物制藥的發(fā)展藥的發(fā)展OriginandDevelopmentofPharmaceuticalEngineeringn n1 1BotanicalsoriginatedBotanicalsoriginated50005000yearsagoyearsagon n22ActiveActiveingredientsfoundinherbalingredientsfoundinherbalpromotethedevelopmentofpharmaceuticalpromotethedevelopmentofpharmaceuticalchemistrychemistryn n33PeoplepursuinghealthpromotesPeoplepursuinghealthpromotesthethedevelopmentofbiotechnology,developmentofbiotechnology,whilethewhilethedevelopmentofbiotechnologydevelopmentofbiotechnologypromotespromotesthethedevelopmentofdevelopmentofbiopharmaceuticals.biopharmaceuticals.生物制藥是增長(zhǎng)速度最快的制生物制藥是增長(zhǎng)速度最快的制藥行業(yè)藥行業(yè)n n微生物制藥微生物制藥n n疫苗疫苗n n干細(xì)胞干細(xì)胞n n基因治療基因治療Biopharmaceuticalsisthefastestgrowingpharmaceuticalindustryn nMicrobialdrugn nVaccinen nStemCellsn nGeneTherapyn第一章第一章緒論緒論nChapter1Introduction主要內(nèi)容主要內(nèi)容n n1.1制藥工程的概念制藥工程的概念n n1.2制藥工程技術(shù)的構(gòu)成制藥工程技術(shù)的構(gòu)成n n1.3制藥分離技術(shù)制藥分離技術(shù)Maincontentn n1.1TheconceptofPharmaceuticalEngineeringn n1.2Pharmaceuticalengineeringtechnologyn n1.3PharmaceuticalSeparationTechnology藥物生產(chǎn)的核心問題藥物生產(chǎn)的核心問題1.工藝問題生產(chǎn)同一化合物，工藝是否唯一2.工程問題同一工藝，所選設(shè)備是否唯一Thecoreproblemofdrugproduction1.ProcessissuesToproducethesamecompound,whethertheprocessisunique2.EngineeringproblemsForthesameprocess,whethertheselecteddeviceisunique.例子：鞣花酸的生產(chǎn)例子：鞣花酸的生產(chǎn)抗癌抗癌/抗突變性能抗突變性能抗抗HIV抗氧化抗氧化在美國(guó)抗癌物質(zhì)排行榜上名列第二在美國(guó)抗癌物質(zhì)排行榜上名列第二Examples:EllagicacidproductionAnti-cancer/anti-mutagenicpropertiesAnti-HIVAntioxidantRankedsecondinanti-cancersubstancesininUSA.25鞣花酸及安石榴甙生產(chǎn)工藝研究現(xiàn)狀鞣花酸及安石榴甙生產(chǎn)工藝研究現(xiàn)狀 n n鞣花酸生產(chǎn)工藝植物組織提取植物組織提取由沒食子酸或沒食子由沒食子酸或沒食子酸酯通過氧化聚合作酸酯通過氧化聚合作用制備用制備從含沒食子酸基的單從含沒食子酸基的單寧通過空氣氧化制取寧通過空氣氧化制取原料成本較高原料成本較高 產(chǎn)品的分離純化困難產(chǎn)品的分離純化困難動(dòng)物蟲癭，動(dòng)物來源，動(dòng)物蟲癭，動(dòng)物來源，存在安全問題存在安全問題工藝方法工藝方法缺點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)26Research Status of production process of ellagic acid and pomegranate glycosidesn nEllagicacidproductionprocessPlant tissue extractsProduced from the gallic acid or gallate prepared through oxidative polymerizationProduced from tannics through the air oxidationHigher costs for raw materialDifficult in product separation and purificationAnimal galls,animal sources,there are security issuesProcessDisadvantage石榴的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀石榴的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀石榴果汁果汁果酒果酒果醬果醬少部分作為少部分作為中藥材中藥材大部分被大部分被廢棄廢棄少部分作為少部分作為茶飲用茶飲用大部分被大部分被廢棄廢棄僅作為僅作為種子種子大部分被大部分被廢棄廢棄目前石榴是國(guó)內(nèi)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的水果之一，2004年國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量32萬噸。每棵樹約每棵樹約產(chǎn)產(chǎn)3公斤公斤石榴葉石榴葉(干）干）石榴皮占石榴皮占果實(shí)重量果實(shí)重量的的20-30%石榴籽石榴籽約占果約占果實(shí)重量實(shí)重量的的10%石榴果汁果汁果酒果酒果醬果醬少部分作為少部分作為中藥材中藥材大部分被大部分被廢棄廢棄少部分作為少部分作為茶飲用茶飲用大部分被大部分被廢棄廢棄僅作為僅作為種子種子大部分被大部分被廢棄廢棄目前石榴是國(guó)內(nèi)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的水果之一，2004年國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)量32萬噸。Pomegranate application status石榴JuiceWineJamSmallpartasChineseherbalmedicineAsmallpartasteaMostwereabandonedOnlyasaeeds大部分被大部分被廢棄廢棄10000tonsperyearPomegranateisoneoftheimportantfruitsinChina.Domesticproductionis320,000tonsin2004.3kg/tree20000tonsperyearMostwereabandonedMostwereabandoned酶轉(zhuǎn)化法制備鞣花酸酶轉(zhuǎn)化法制備鞣花酸闡明了含有闡明了含有HHDPHHDP基團(tuán)的石榴單寧水解后基團(tuán)的石榴單寧水解后生產(chǎn)鞣花酸的轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制；生產(chǎn)鞣花酸的轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制；發(fā)現(xiàn)可轉(zhuǎn)化該類單寧的酶系，提出通過發(fā)現(xiàn)可轉(zhuǎn)化該類單寧的酶系，提出通過前體化轉(zhuǎn)化以制備鞣花酸的構(gòu)想；前體化轉(zhuǎn)化以制備鞣花酸的構(gòu)想；發(fā)明了石榴皮中前體物轉(zhuǎn)化法制備鞣花發(fā)明了石榴皮中前體物轉(zhuǎn)化法制備鞣花酸的新工藝，鞣花酸的得率由轉(zhuǎn)化前的酸的新工藝，鞣花酸的得率由轉(zhuǎn)化前的1%1%提高至提高至9.75%9.75%。酶酶鞣花單寧鞣花單寧鞣花酸鞣花酸HHDPHHDP基團(tuán)基團(tuán)PreparationofellagicacidusingenzymaticconversionClarify transformation mechanism of production of ellagic acid after the pomegranate tannins with hydrolysis HHDP groups;discover enzyme systems which are used for transformation of these tannins;propose the idea of production of ellagic acid through conversion of the precursor;invent the new technology of ellagic acid production by conversion of pomegranate rind;Ellagic acid conversion rate was increased from 1%to 9.75%.EnzymeEllagitanninEllagic acidHHDPgHHDPggroupgroup工藝選擇工藝選擇五倍子工藝五倍子工藝：原料6萬/噸，3噸原料/噸產(chǎn)品，原料成本18萬/噸產(chǎn)品。石榴皮工藝石榴皮工藝：原料0.28萬/噸，20噸原料/噸產(chǎn)品，原料成本5.6萬/噸產(chǎn)品。?選哪一個(gè)ProcessselectionGallic process：Materials 60,000/ton,three tons of raw materials/ton of product,raw material costs 180,000/ton product。Granatum process:raw materials 2,800/ton,20 tons of raw materials/ton of product,raw material costs 56,000/ton of product?Which one to be chosen工藝選擇工藝選擇五倍子工藝過程簡(jiǎn)單五倍子工藝過程簡(jiǎn)單：氧化、過濾、堿溶、：氧化、過濾、堿溶、酸沉、水洗、產(chǎn)品酸沉、水洗、產(chǎn)品石榴工藝過程復(fù)雜石榴工藝過程復(fù)雜：酶解或酸解、水洗、：酶解或酸解、水洗、堿溶、離心除雜、酸沉除雜、堿溶、離心除雜、酸沉除雜、堿溶、酸堿溶、酸沉、水洗、產(chǎn)品沉、水洗、產(chǎn)品投資估算投資估算年產(chǎn)年產(chǎn)100100噸鞣花酸計(jì)，噸鞣花酸計(jì)，五倍子工藝投資：五倍子工藝投資：設(shè)備：設(shè)備：3030噸氧化罐噸氧化罐3636萬萬3535噸堿溶罐噸堿溶罐4242萬萬3030噸水洗罐噸水洗罐4848萬萬板框過濾：板框過濾：4040平方米平方米2 2臺(tái)，臺(tái)，4242萬萬.蝶片式離心機(jī)蝶片式離心機(jī)6060萬萬.閃蒸干燥閃蒸干燥2020萬萬合計(jì)：合計(jì)：248248萬。萬。廠房：廠房：600600平方米，平方米，12001200元元/平方米。平方米。7272萬萬公用工程：公用工程：純凈水：純凈水：4 4噸噸/小時(shí)，小時(shí)，4040萬。電：萬。電：100KW100KW，2020萬。萬。合計(jì)：合計(jì)：380380萬。萬。InvestmentEstimationAnannualoutputof100tonsofellagicAnannualoutputof100tonsofellagicacid:acid:Gallictechnologyinvestments:Gallictechnologyinvestments:Equipment:Equipment:30-ton30-tonoxidationtank360000oxidationtank36000035-ton35-tonalkali-solubletank420000alkali-solubletank42000030-ton30-tonwashingtank480000washingtank480000Framefilter:40squaremeters2,420,000.Framefilter:40squaremeters2,420,000.Butterflypiececentrifuge600,000.Butterflypiececentrifuge600,000.Flashdrying200,000Flashdrying200,000Total:2,480,000.Total:2,480,000.Plant:600Plant:600squremeterssquremeters,1,200yuan/squaremeter.720000,1,200yuan/squaremeter.720000PublicWorks:Purifiedwater:4tons/hour,400,000.Power:PublicWorks:Purifiedwater:4tons/hour,400,000.Power:100KW,20thousand.100KW,20thousand.Total:3,800,000Total:3,800,000.投資估算投資估算石榴皮工藝投資：石榴皮工藝投資：石榴皮工藝投資：石榴皮工藝投資：設(shè)備：設(shè)備：設(shè)備：設(shè)備：固態(tài)發(fā)酵池：固態(tài)發(fā)酵池：固態(tài)發(fā)酵池：固態(tài)發(fā)酵池：3030噸，噸，噸，噸，3030萬萬萬萬水洗罐：水洗罐：水洗罐：水洗罐：5050噸，噸，噸，噸，6060萬萬萬萬一次堿溶罐：一次堿溶罐：一次堿溶罐：一次堿溶罐：5050噸，噸，噸，噸，6060萬萬萬萬一次酸沉罐：一次酸沉罐：一次酸沉罐：一次酸沉罐：5050噸，噸，噸，噸，8080萬萬萬萬二次堿溶罐：二次堿溶罐：二次堿溶罐：二次堿溶罐：3030噸，噸，噸，噸，3636萬萬萬萬二次酸沉罐：二次酸沉罐：二次酸沉罐：二次酸沉罐：3030噸，噸，噸，噸，4848萬萬萬萬板框過濾板框過濾板框過濾板框過濾8080平平平平1,401,40平平平平158158萬萬萬萬蝶式離心機(jī)蝶式離心機(jī)蝶式離心機(jī)蝶式離心機(jī)6 6臺(tái)臺(tái)臺(tái)臺(tái)180180萬萬萬萬閃蒸干燥閃蒸干燥閃蒸干燥閃蒸干燥2020萬萬萬萬合計(jì)：合計(jì)：合計(jì)：合計(jì)：572572萬萬萬萬廠房：廠房：廠房：廠房：12001200平，平，平，平，12001200元元元元/平，平，平，平，144144萬萬萬萬公用工程：公用工程：公用工程：公用工程：水：水：水：水：6 6噸噸噸噸/小時(shí)，小時(shí)，小時(shí)，小時(shí)，6060萬。電：萬。電：萬。電：萬。電：200KW200KW，4040萬萬萬萬 合計(jì)：合計(jì)：合計(jì)：合計(jì)：816816萬萬萬萬InvestmentEstimationGranatumtechnologyinvestments:Granatumtechnologyinvestments:Equipment:solid-statefermentationtank:30tons,300,000Equipment:solid-statefermentationtank:30tons,300,000Washingtank:50tons,600,000Washingtank:50tons,600,000Ameltingpotbase:50tons,600,000Ameltingpotbase:50tons,600,000Onceacidprecipitationtank:50tons,800,000Onceacidprecipitationtank:50tons,800,000Secondaryalkali-solubletank:30tons,360,000Secondaryalkali-solubletank:30tons,360,000Secondaryacidprecipitationtank:30tons,480,000Secondaryacidprecipitationtank:30tons,480,000Framefilter:80squaremeter,1;40squaremeter,1;1Framefilter:80squaremeter,1;40squaremeter,1;1580000580000Butterflycentrifugesix1800000Butterflycentrifugesix1800000Flashdrying200,000Flashdrying200,000Total:5,720,000Total:5,720,000Plant:1200Plant:1200squaremeter,squaremeter,1,200yuan/1,200yuan/squaremeter,squaremeter,14400001440000PublicWorks:Water:6tons/hour,600,000.Power:200KW,PublicWorks:Water:6tons/hour,600,000.Power:200KW,400000400000Total:Total:8,160,0008,160,000年消耗：年消耗：五倍子工藝：五倍子工藝：原、輔料：原、輔料：20002000萬萬水、電、工資：水、電、工資：600600萬萬合計(jì)：合計(jì)：26002600萬萬石榴工藝：石榴工藝：原、輔料：原、輔料：710710萬萬 水、電、工資：水、電、工資：820820萬萬 合計(jì)：合計(jì)：15301530萬萬1 1年節(jié)省年節(jié)省10701070萬。萬。AnnualconsumptionGallicprocess:Gallicprocess:Rawmaterials,auxiliarymaterials:20,000,000Rawmaterials,auxiliarymaterials:20,000,000Water,electricity,wages:6000000Water,electricity,wages:6000000Total:26,000,000Total:26,000,000Pomegranateprocess:Pomegranateprocess:Rawmaterials,auxiliarymaterials:7100000Rawmaterials,auxiliarymaterials:7100000Water,electricity,wages:8200000Water,electricity,wages:8200000Total:15.3millionTotal:15.3millionAnannualsavingsof10.7millionAnannualsavingsof10.7million.工藝確定工藝確定選石榴工藝DeterminationofprocessSelectPomegranateprocess工程問題工程問題在五倍子工藝中：在五倍子工藝中：在五倍子工藝中：在五倍子工藝中：關(guān)鍵設(shè)備：關(guān)鍵設(shè)備：關(guān)鍵設(shè)備：關(guān)鍵設(shè)備：氧化反應(yīng)釜關(guān)鍵參數(shù)：氧化反應(yīng)釜關(guān)鍵參數(shù)：高徑比高徑比攪拌漿形式及轉(zhuǎn)速攪拌漿形式及轉(zhuǎn)速通氣管通氣管電機(jī)功率電機(jī)功率 材質(zhì)：材質(zhì)：304304不銹鋼不銹鋼檢測(cè)：溫度檢測(cè)：溫度EngineeringproblemsInIngallicprocess:gallicprocess:Keyequipment:Keyequipment:KeyparametersoftheKeyparametersoftheoxidationreactor:oxidationreactor:HeighttodiameterratioHeighttodiameterratioTheTheformandspeedformandspeedofofstirrerstirrerSnorkelSnorkelMotorPowerMotorPowerMaterial:304stainlessMaterial:304stainlesssteelsteelDetection:Detection:TemperatureTemperature工程問題工程問題堿溶罐關(guān)鍵參數(shù)：堿溶罐關(guān)鍵參數(shù)：攪拌漿形式及轉(zhuǎn)速攪拌漿形式及轉(zhuǎn)速電機(jī)功率電機(jī)功率高徑比高徑比材質(zhì)：材質(zhì)：304不銹鋼不銹鋼檢測(cè)：溫度檢測(cè)：溫度EngineeringproblemsKey parameters of alkali-soluble tank:Stirring The form and speed of stirrerMotor Power Height to diameter ratio Material:304 stainless steel Detection:Temperature工程問題工程問題酸沉罐關(guān)鍵參數(shù)：酸沉罐關(guān)鍵參數(shù)：攪拌漿形式及轉(zhuǎn)速攪拌漿形式及轉(zhuǎn)速電機(jī)功率電機(jī)功率高徑比高徑比材質(zhì)：材質(zhì)：316L不銹鋼不銹鋼檢測(cè)：檢測(cè)：pHEngineeringproblemsKeyparametersofacidprecipitationtank:TheformandspeedofstirrerMotorPowerHeighttodiameterratioMaterial:316LstainlesssteelDetection:pH工程問題工程問題板框過濾：板框過濾：板框過濾：板框過濾：過濾面積過濾面積過濾面積過濾面積材質(zhì)材質(zhì)材質(zhì)材質(zhì)泵的流量、壓力泵的流量、壓力泵的流量、壓力泵的流量、壓力EngineeringproblemsFramefilter:Framefilter:FilterareaFilterareaMaterialMaterialPumpflow,Pumpflow,pressurepressure工程問題工程問題n n蝶片式離心機(jī)選型蝶片式離心機(jī)選型n n主要參數(shù)：主要參數(shù)：n n處理量處理量n n分離因數(shù)分離因數(shù)蝶片式離心機(jī)主要參數(shù)蝶片式離心機(jī)主要參數(shù)n n實(shí)際生產(chǎn)能力實(shí)際生產(chǎn)能力n n水通量水通量n n轉(zhuǎn)鼓轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)鼓轉(zhuǎn)速n n實(shí)際分離因素實(shí)際分離因素n n排渣時(shí)間及間隔時(shí)間排渣時(shí)間及間隔時(shí)間n n電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速n n電機(jī)型號(hào)及裝機(jī)功率電機(jī)型號(hào)及裝機(jī)功率n n啟動(dòng)時(shí)間停機(jī)時(shí)間（不采用啟動(dòng)時(shí)間停機(jī)時(shí)間（不采用剎車裝置）剎車裝置）n n料進(jìn)口壓力料進(jìn)口壓力n n料出口壓力料出口壓力n n操作水壓力操作水壓力n n噪音水平噪音水平n n最大振動(dòng)水平最大振動(dòng)水平n n整機(jī)重量整機(jī)重量n n整機(jī)外型尺寸：整機(jī)外型尺寸：(長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng) 寬寬 高高)1000L/h15000L/h6700rpm11926根據(jù)原料的品質(zhì)，排渣時(shí)間從0.1秒0.9秒、排渣周期從1分鐘240分鐘,任意可調(diào)1460rpmY160L-4-B515kw610minute，40minute00.1mpa00.3mpa0.2mPap0.45mPa73dB1.5mm/s1760kg177214731855Keyparametersofbutterflychipcentrifugen nActualproductioncapacityActualproductioncapacityn nWaterfluxWaterfluxn nDrumspeedDrumspeedn nTheactualseparationfactorTheactualseparationfactorn nSlagSlagtimeandtimeandthethetimeintervalstimeintervalsn nMotorspeedMotorspeedn nMotormodelandinstalledpowerMotormodelandinstalledpowern nDowntimeDowntimeandstartandstarttime(donotusetime(donotusebrakes)brakes)n nFeedinletpressureFeedinletpressuren nMaterialoutletpressureMaterialoutletpressuren nOperatingwaterpressureOperatingwaterpressuren nNoiselevelNoiseleveln nMaximumvibrationlevelsMaximumvibrationlevelsn nTotalWeightTotalWeightn nMachineDimensions:(LWHMachineDimensions:(LWH)1000L/h15000L/h6700rpm11926根據(jù)原料的品質(zhì)，排渣時(shí)間從0.1秒0.9秒、排渣周期從1分鐘240分鐘,任意可調(diào)1460rpmY160L-4-B515kw610minute，40minute00.1mpa00.3mpa0.2mPap0.45mPa73dB1.5mm/s1760kg177214731855蝶片式離心機(jī)外形及基礎(chǔ)圖蝶片式離心機(jī)外形及基礎(chǔ)圖Shapesandbasedrawingofbutterfly-chipcentrifuge閃蒸干燥設(shè)備閃蒸干燥設(shè)備n n原理：原理：原理：原理：熱空氣由入口管以適宜的噴動(dòng)速度從熱空氣由入口管以適宜的噴動(dòng)速度從熱空氣由入口管以適宜的噴動(dòng)速度從熱空氣由入口管以適宜的噴動(dòng)速度從干燥機(jī)底部進(jìn)入攪拌粉碎干燥室干燥機(jī)底部進(jìn)入攪拌粉碎干燥室干燥機(jī)底部進(jìn)入攪拌粉碎干燥室干燥機(jī)底部進(jìn)入攪拌粉碎干燥室，對(duì)物，對(duì)物，對(duì)物，對(duì)物料產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的剪切、吹浮、旋轉(zhuǎn)作用，料產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的剪切、吹浮、旋轉(zhuǎn)作用，料產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的剪切、吹浮、旋轉(zhuǎn)作用，料產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的剪切、吹浮、旋轉(zhuǎn)作用，于是物料受到于是物料受到于是物料受到于是物料受到離心、剪切、碰撞、摩擦離心、剪切、碰撞、摩擦離心、剪切、碰撞、摩擦離心、剪切、碰撞、摩擦而被除數(shù)微?；?，強(qiáng)化了傳質(zhì)傳熱。而被除數(shù)微?；瑥?qiáng)化了傳質(zhì)傳熱。而被除數(shù)微?；?，強(qiáng)化了傳質(zhì)傳熱。而被除數(shù)微?；瑥?qiáng)化了傳質(zhì)傳熱。n n在干燥機(jī)底部，較大較濕的顆粒團(tuán)在攪拌在干燥機(jī)底部，較大較濕的顆粒團(tuán)在攪拌在干燥機(jī)底部，較大較濕的顆粒團(tuán)在攪拌在干燥機(jī)底部，較大較濕的顆粒團(tuán)在攪拌器的作用下被機(jī)械破碎，濕含量較低、器的作用下被機(jī)械破碎，濕含量較低、器的作用下被機(jī)械破碎，濕含量較低、器的作用下被機(jī)械破碎，濕含量較低、顆粒度較小的顆粒被旋轉(zhuǎn)氣流夾帶上升，顆粒度較小的顆粒被旋轉(zhuǎn)氣流夾帶上升，顆粒度較小的顆粒被旋轉(zhuǎn)氣流夾帶上升，顆粒度較小的顆粒被旋轉(zhuǎn)氣流夾帶上升，在上升過程中進(jìn)一步干燥。在上升過程中進(jìn)一步干燥。在上升過程中進(jìn)一步干燥。在上升過程中進(jìn)一步干燥。n n由于氣固兩相作旋轉(zhuǎn)流動(dòng)，固相慣性大于由于氣固兩相作旋轉(zhuǎn)流動(dòng)，固相慣性大于由于氣固兩相作旋轉(zhuǎn)流動(dòng)，固相慣性大于由于氣固兩相作旋轉(zhuǎn)流動(dòng)，固相慣性大于氣相，固氣兩相間的相對(duì)速度較大，強(qiáng)氣相，固氣兩相間的相對(duì)速度較大，強(qiáng)氣相，固氣兩相間的相對(duì)速度較大，強(qiáng)氣相，固氣兩相間的相對(duì)速度較大，強(qiáng)化兩相間的傳質(zhì)傳熱，所以該機(jī)生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)化兩相間的傳質(zhì)傳熱，所以該機(jī)生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)化兩相間的傳質(zhì)傳熱，所以該機(jī)生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)化兩相間的傳質(zhì)傳熱，所以該機(jī)生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)度高。度高。度高。度高。型號(hào)型號(hào)主機(jī)內(nèi)經(jīng)主機(jī)內(nèi)經(jīng)（mm）處理風(fēng)量處理風(fēng)量（m3/h）蒸發(fā)水量蒸發(fā)水量（kg/h）最大裝機(jī)容量最大裝機(jī)容量（KW）最大高度最大高度（m）占用平面占用平面（m2）XSG-44001150-230058-7321.44.627Flashdryingequipmentn nPrinciplePrinciple:HotairHotairatattheappropriatespeedtheappropriatespeedgoesgoesintointothestirringandcrushinganddryingthestirringandcrushinganddryingchamberfromthebottomofthedryerchamberfromthebottomofthedryerviaviainletinlettube.Ittube.Itexertsstrongshearing,blowing,exertsstrongshearing,blowing,floatingandrotatingfloatingandrotatingeffectonthematerial.effectonthematerial.Thus,Thus,thethematerialismicronizedbymaterialismicronizedbycentrifugation,shear,centrifugation,shear,collisionandfrictionandcollisionandfrictionandthenitenhancesthenitenhancesheatandmasstransfer.heatandmasstransfer.n nAtAtthebottomofthedryer,wetthebottomofthedryer,wetandlargerandlargergranulesaremechanicallycrushedbytheactiongranulesaremechanicallycrushedbytheactionoftheagitator.Theparticleswiththeoftheagitator.Theparticleswiththelowerthelowerthemoisturemoisturecontentandsmallerparticlecontentandsmallerparticlesizesizeareareentrainedentrainedtoincreasebytoincreasebytherotatingtherotatingairflow,airflow,andfurtherdriedintherisingprocess.andfurtherdriedintherisingprocess.n nAsAsthegas-solidthegas-solidflowsrotate,theinertiaflowsrotate,theinertiaoftheofthesolidphaseisgreaterthansolidphaseisgreaterthanthatofthethatofthegasgasphase.phase.TheTherelativevelocitybetweensolidandgasrelativevelocitybetweensolidandgasphasesbecomelarger.Inordertostrengthenphasesbecomelarger.Inordertostrengthenheatandmasstransferbetweenthetwophases,heatandmasstransferbetweenthetwophases,theequipmenthasthehigh-strengththeequipmenthasthehigh-strengthproduction.production.ModelInsidediameter（mm）Airvolume（m3/h）Evaporationofwater（kg/h）Themaximumcapacity（KW）Maximumheight（m）Occupancyarea（m2）XSG-44001150-230058-7321.44.627流程圖流程圖Flowchart立面圖立面圖Elevations平面圖平面圖Elevations工廠實(shí)物圖工廠實(shí)物圖Factoryphysicalmap不同工藝的鞣花酸產(chǎn)品不同工藝的鞣花酸產(chǎn)品五倍子鞣花酸五倍子鞣花酸 石榴皮鞣花酸石榴皮鞣花酸EllagicacidproductsfromdifferentprocessesEllagic acid by heating gallic acid Ellagic acid from pomegranate1.1制藥工程的概念制藥工程的概念n n廣義廣義:利用原料進(jìn)行批量生產(chǎn)利用原料進(jìn)行批量生產(chǎn),制造出可制造出可用于疾病治療的藥品的過程用于疾病治療的藥品的過程.n n分為分為:n n1、原料藥生產(chǎn)（過程工程）、原料藥生產(chǎn)（過程工程）n n2、GMP條件下的制劑生產(chǎn)（加工工業(yè)）條件下的制劑生產(chǎn)（加工工業(yè)）1.1TheconceptofPharmaceuticalEngineeringn nGeneralized:Generalized:TheprocessofproducingtheTheprocessofproducingthedrugsfordrugsfordiseasetreatmentdiseasetreatmentusingrawusingrawmaterialsmaterialsformassproductionformassproductionn nDividedDividedinto:into:n n1,rawmaterial1,rawmaterialfordrugfordrugproduction(Processproduction(ProcessEngineering)Engineering)n n2,preparationofproductionunderGMP2,preparationofproductionunderGMPconditions(processingindustryconditions(processingindustry)原料藥的生產(chǎn)原料藥的生產(chǎn)根椐藥品的來源，可以分成哪幾大類？根椐藥品的來源，可以分成哪幾大類？1.2.3.productionofRawmaterialdrugBasedonthesourceofdrugs,itcanbedividedintoseveralcategories?根椐藥品的來源，可以分根椐藥品的來源，可以分成哪幾大類？成哪幾大類？1.TCM(TraditionalChineseMedicine)2.ChemicalSynthesisMedicine3.Biomedicine過程工業(yè)與加工工業(yè)的區(qū)別過程工業(yè)與加工工業(yè)的區(qū)別項(xiàng)目項(xiàng)目項(xiàng)目項(xiàng)目過程工業(yè)過程工業(yè)過程工業(yè)過程工業(yè)加工工業(yè)加工工業(yè)加工工業(yè)加工工業(yè)物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和形態(tài)物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和形態(tài)物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和形態(tài)物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和形態(tài)實(shí)現(xiàn)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)方法設(shè)備設(shè)備設(shè)備設(shè)備產(chǎn)量計(jì)量產(chǎn)量計(jì)量產(chǎn)量計(jì)量產(chǎn)量計(jì)量變化變化變化變化反應(yīng)分離過程反應(yīng)分離過程反應(yīng)分離過程反應(yīng)分離過程釜、罐、塔、泵釜、罐、塔、泵釜、罐、塔、泵釜、罐、塔、泵千克、噸、升千克、噸、升千克、噸、升千克、噸、升不變化不變化不變化不變化加工工序加工工序加工工序加工工序制劑設(shè)備制劑設(shè)備制劑設(shè)備制劑設(shè)備片、支、粒片、支、粒片、支、粒片、支、粒ThedifferencebetweentheprocessindustryandprocessingindustryProjectProjectProcessingProcessingindustryindustryProcessProcessindustryindustryPhysicalstructureandPhysicalstructureandmorphologymorphologyImplementationImplementationEquipmentEquipmentMeasurementyieldsMeasurementyieldschangechangeReactionseparationReactionseparationprocessprocessKettle,pot,towers,Kettle,pot,towers,pumpspumpsKilograms,tons,upKilograms,tons,upNochangeNochangeProcessingoperationsProcessingoperationsPreparationequipmentPreparationequipmentTablets,sticks,tabletsTablets,sticks,tablets1.2制藥工程技術(shù)的構(gòu)成制藥工程技術(shù)的構(gòu)成n n兩個(gè)階段兩個(gè)階段:n n(1)反應(yīng)反應(yīng)或合成或合成(上游上游):n n(2)分離分離(下游下游):1.2Constitutepharmaceuticalengineeringtechnologyn nTwostages:n n(A)reactionorsynthesis(upstream):n n(2)separating(downstream):反應(yīng)反應(yīng)共性技術(shù)共性技術(shù)(1)確定合成工藝路線和步驟確定合成工藝路線和步驟(2)確定反應(yīng)條件確定反應(yīng)條件(3)設(shè)計(jì)或選用適當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)器設(shè)計(jì)或選用適當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)器(4)獲得目的產(chǎn)物獲得目的產(chǎn)物(含雜質(zhì)含雜質(zhì))Reaction-commontechnology(1)determinethesynthesisprocessand(1)determinethesynthesisprocessandstepssteps(2)(2)determinedeterminethereactionconditionsthereactionconditions(3)(3)designdesignororselectanselectanappropriateappropriatereactorreactor(4)(4)obtainobtainthedesiredproductthedesiredproduct(containingimpurities(containingimpurities)分離分離共性技術(shù)共性技術(shù)(1)確定工藝流程確定工藝流程(2)確定操作條件確定操作條件(3)設(shè)計(jì)或選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)或選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑O(shè)備(4)得到合格的原料得到合格的原料一般一般分離分離占占總成本總成本的的50-70%.抗生素、基因工程藥物占抗生素、基因工程藥物占80-90%SeperationCommontechnology(1)(1)determinedeterminetheprocesstheprocess(2)determinetheoperatingconditions(2)determinetheoperatingconditions(3)(3)designdesignororselectappropriateselectappropriateequipmentequipment(4)(4)obtainobtainqualifiedmaterialqualifiedmaterialGenerallyGenerallythecostofseparationisthecostofseparationis50-70%50-70%ofofthethetotaltotalcost.cost.Antibiotics,geneticengineeringdrugsAntibiotics,geneticengineeringdrugsaccountedforaccountedfor80-90%80-90%1.3 1.3 制藥分離技術(shù)制藥分離技術(shù)特殊性特殊性:1、含量低（、含量低（0.0001%-1%）2、穩(wěn)定性差、穩(wěn)定性差(光、熱等光、熱等)3、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求高（雜質(zhì)含量少）、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量要求高（雜質(zhì)含量少）1.3 Pharmaceutical Separation TechnologyParticularity:1,lowlevel(0.0001%to1%)2,poorstability(light,heat,etc.)3,highproductqualityrequirements(lowimpuritycontent)常用分離技術(shù)常用分離技術(shù)過濾、離心分離、萃取、吸附、超濾、過濾、離心分離、萃取、吸附、超濾、精餾精餾色譜分離、離子交換、結(jié)晶色譜分離、離子交換、結(jié)晶ConventionalseparationtechniquesFiltration,centrifugation,extraction,Filtration,centrifugation,extraction,adsorption,ultrafiltration,distillationadsorption,ultrafiltration,distillationChromatography,ionexchange,Chromatography,ionexchange,crystallizationcrystallization思考題思考題當(dāng)前藥物研發(fā)的方向是什么當(dāng)前藥物研發(fā)的方向是什么?對(duì)我們研究開發(fā)新藥有何啟示？對(duì)我們研究開發(fā)新藥有何啟示？QuestionsWhatisthedirectionofthecurrentdrugdevelopmentis?Whatinspirationisforourresearchanddevelopmentofnewdrugs?